1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:15,807 --> 00:00:17,767 [singing, indistinct] 4 00:00:19,894 --> 00:00:20,895 People. 5 00:00:23,940 --> 00:00:25,859 [indistinct chatter] 6 00:00:43,501 --> 00:00:46,004 [cheering] 7 00:00:46,755 --> 00:00:48,423 [man] ♪ Somebody have mercy on me ♪ 8 00:00:51,301 --> 00:00:54,054 ♪ Somebody have mercy on me right now ♪ 9 00:00:54,137 --> 00:00:56,473 [Smokey] Sam had that magic voice. 10 00:00:56,556 --> 00:01:01,186 ♪ I wanna tell you that, darling, you... ♪ 11 00:01:02,228 --> 00:01:05,356 ♪ Oh-oh-oh ♪ 12 00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:06,858 ♪ You send me... ♪ 13 00:01:07,817 --> 00:01:12,238 [second man] Sam is the father of modern soul music. Absolutely. 14 00:01:14,491 --> 00:01:16,576 This is Sam singing to a black audience. 15 00:01:16,659 --> 00:01:20,038 It's a vastly different kind of Sam Cooke than the mainstream, 16 00:01:20,121 --> 00:01:22,290 meaning white people, have become accustomed to. 17 00:01:23,541 --> 00:01:26,544 ♪ I love you ♪ 18 00:01:26,628 --> 00:01:28,880 ♪ For ♪ 19 00:01:28,963 --> 00:01:31,091 ♪ Sentimental reasons ♪ 20 00:01:31,174 --> 00:01:36,096 People remember Sam Cooke as a pristine Frank Sinatra wannabe. 21 00:01:36,179 --> 00:01:39,516 But in reality, he was a complicated black man 22 00:01:39,599 --> 00:01:41,893 in a complicated world. 23 00:01:41,976 --> 00:01:45,396 Record companies really did not want a black man 24 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:48,566 talking about issues that were going on in the country. 25 00:01:48,650 --> 00:01:51,027 They wanted him to be an entertainer and nothing more, 26 00:01:51,111 --> 00:01:53,071 and that was never gonna be enough for Sam Cooke. 27 00:01:53,154 --> 00:01:55,698 ♪ How many deaths will it take ♪ 28 00:01:55,782 --> 00:01:57,450 ♪Till you know ♪ 29 00:01:58,118 --> 00:02:01,746 ♪ Too many people have died ? ♪ 30 00:02:01,830 --> 00:02:04,290 In the times where everything was so oppressive, 31 00:02:04,374 --> 00:02:08,044 he broke through a lot of color barriers and wasn't afraid to be the first. 32 00:02:09,337 --> 00:02:14,884 Empowerment--this is what drove him to talk with Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali. 33 00:02:14,968 --> 00:02:16,678 He was so unafraid. 34 00:02:16,761 --> 00:02:19,973 If you afraid, you couldn't be hangin' out with Malcolm, but... 35 00:02:20,056 --> 00:02:22,559 the FBI might find a way to get rid of you. 36 00:02:22,642 --> 00:02:24,936 These were the early stages of black power. 37 00:02:25,019 --> 00:02:27,689 That black male energy that Sam Cooke possessed, 38 00:02:27,772 --> 00:02:30,066 unfortunately, for some people in power in this country, 39 00:02:30,150 --> 00:02:32,443 represented a threat that had to be stopped. 40 00:02:33,653 --> 00:02:38,241 This very mysterious death was just the most improbable death for Sam Cooke. 41 00:02:38,324 --> 00:02:41,244 What happened? Why was he there? And who was this woman he was with? 42 00:02:41,327 --> 00:02:44,164 And why'd he get shot? All those become bigger questions 43 00:02:44,455 --> 00:02:47,041 than "What was he on the edge of achieving?" 44 00:02:48,042 --> 00:02:49,460 It's a double murder. 45 00:02:49,544 --> 00:02:52,589 It's the murder of the physical being who was Sam Cooke, 46 00:02:52,672 --> 00:02:55,258 but there's also the murder of his legacy. 47 00:03:02,182 --> 00:03:03,474 [camera shutter clicks] 48 00:03:06,769 --> 00:03:08,980 [indistinct chatter] 49 00:03:24,329 --> 00:03:26,789 One of the biggest shocks I ever had in my life. 50 00:03:28,249 --> 00:03:32,337 I was on the expressway in Detroit, and the radio was on. 51 00:03:32,420 --> 00:03:33,671 [static] 52 00:03:33,755 --> 00:03:36,799 Soul singer Sam Cooke shot to death last night... 53 00:03:38,218 --> 00:03:40,053 in Compton or wherever he was. 54 00:03:42,472 --> 00:03:43,973 I was devastated. 55 00:03:44,724 --> 00:03:47,018 I don't think I functioned for a week. 56 00:03:47,727 --> 00:03:48,937 It was horrible. 57 00:03:50,605 --> 00:03:51,940 I asked my father 58 00:03:52,023 --> 00:03:55,652 when he told me he was dead, I said, "What, a car accident? 59 00:03:55,735 --> 00:03:57,278 A plane crash?" 60 00:03:57,946 --> 00:04:00,990 I couldn't-- Even when he told me he got shot, I... 61 00:04:02,742 --> 00:04:04,202 I could've just passed out. 62 00:04:04,285 --> 00:04:08,331 Who would want to shoot Sam Cooke? That's what I asked myself. 63 00:04:08,414 --> 00:04:10,583 I was sad and confused back then, 64 00:04:10,667 --> 00:04:13,836 and most-- other people, especially in the black community, but not only, 65 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:16,339 were sad and confused. You know, "What happened?" 66 00:04:16,422 --> 00:04:18,800 [indistinct chatter] 67 00:04:25,723 --> 00:04:29,686 Everybody was cold but anxiously waiting. 68 00:04:29,769 --> 00:04:31,729 They wanted to see Sam Cooke. 69 00:04:31,813 --> 00:04:35,024 They wanted to know if this really happened. 70 00:04:36,317 --> 00:04:40,196 There was just disbelief and sorrow all mixed up. 71 00:04:40,947 --> 00:04:45,368 Two hundred thousand people-plus showed up at his funeral in Chicago, 72 00:04:45,451 --> 00:04:47,036 and this is how this man died, 73 00:04:47,120 --> 00:04:51,457 you know, naked at a seedy hotel in Los Angeles. 74 00:04:52,333 --> 00:04:55,044 He's one of the biggest pop stars in America, 75 00:04:55,128 --> 00:04:58,298 and he's just mysteriously dead now. Didn't make any sense. 76 00:05:00,216 --> 00:05:04,137 Muhammad Ali, in his grief and rage, essentially said, 77 00:05:04,220 --> 00:05:09,309 "If this had happened to Frank Sinatra or The Beatles or Ricky Nelson, 78 00:05:09,392 --> 00:05:11,436 the FBI would be investigating this." 79 00:05:11,519 --> 00:05:14,314 'Cause, of course, it felt this all went way too quickly. 80 00:05:14,397 --> 00:05:17,525 And Muhammad Ali, I think, spoke for the entire community 81 00:05:17,608 --> 00:05:21,362 who believed that this was being treated as just another dead black person. 82 00:05:22,071 --> 00:05:24,115 Sam Cooke, at the time of his death, 83 00:05:24,198 --> 00:05:28,828 is someone who has significant meaning to the black community. 84 00:05:28,911 --> 00:05:30,830 Black community loves him. 85 00:05:30,913 --> 00:05:34,042 Sam Cooke didn't mean the same to white America. 86 00:05:34,125 --> 00:05:37,795 They didn't recognize how important Sam Cooke was. 87 00:05:37,879 --> 00:05:42,175 Sam Cooke's death, or at least the way that it's been treated in the media, 88 00:05:42,258 --> 00:05:44,844 it's been allowed to sort of hijack the rest of his career. 89 00:05:46,054 --> 00:05:48,181 People didn't think of Sam Cooke in that way, 90 00:05:48,264 --> 00:05:51,142 but he's a racial hero as much as he was a musical hero. 91 00:05:52,477 --> 00:05:56,939 Between the way he died and this representation of him 92 00:05:57,023 --> 00:05:59,317 as a sort of almost one-dimensional character 93 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:01,903 kind of loses the essence of who he was. 94 00:06:01,986 --> 00:06:03,112 You have to question 95 00:06:03,196 --> 00:06:06,532 why did the record companies suppress his politics? 96 00:06:08,951 --> 00:06:12,580 ♪ Oh, my baby's comin' home tomorr' ♪ 97 00:06:13,414 --> 00:06:15,208 ♪ Ain't that good news? ♪ 98 00:06:15,291 --> 00:06:17,377 ♪ Man, ain't that news? ♪ 99 00:06:17,460 --> 00:06:19,295 ♪ Yeah, good news ♪ 100 00:06:20,505 --> 00:06:21,756 ♪ Good news ♪ 101 00:06:22,507 --> 00:06:24,592 ♪ Ain't that good news? ♪ 102 00:06:24,675 --> 00:06:26,844 ♪ Ain't that news? ♪ 103 00:06:26,928 --> 00:06:28,930 [cheers and applause] 104 00:06:30,306 --> 00:06:31,307 Yeah. 105 00:06:31,391 --> 00:06:33,142 [whistle] 106 00:06:34,268 --> 00:06:36,229 [indistinct chatter] 107 00:06:37,313 --> 00:06:39,107 -Miss Elinor Harris. -Hello, Miss Harris. 108 00:06:39,190 --> 00:06:40,817 -Sam, sit here. -Terrific. 109 00:06:41,651 --> 00:06:44,070 -It's good news. -Good news, yeah. 110 00:06:44,153 --> 00:06:46,614 Let's do a little capsule version of the Sam Cooke story. 111 00:06:46,697 --> 00:06:49,325 -How'd it all happen... -The captions version. Uh... 112 00:06:49,409 --> 00:06:51,411 Born. My father was a minister. 113 00:06:51,494 --> 00:06:53,996 Uh, I started singing in the church, naturally, 114 00:06:54,080 --> 00:06:56,916 because I'm exposed to, uh, gospel singing first, Mike. 115 00:06:56,999 --> 00:06:58,835 [man singing gospel song, indistinct] 116 00:07:12,432 --> 00:07:15,351 Sam Cooke is born in 1931 in Mississippi. 117 00:07:16,477 --> 00:07:18,771 As Sam Cooke was coming of age during the Great Depression, 118 00:07:18,855 --> 00:07:20,523 late '30s into the '40s, 119 00:07:20,606 --> 00:07:23,568 slavery was something that was still a residual memory for many people. 120 00:07:25,987 --> 00:07:27,947 [gospel song continues] 121 00:07:28,030 --> 00:07:31,033 You're talking about a time where black people, 122 00:07:31,117 --> 00:07:33,911 especially black men, were being lynched all over the place. 123 00:07:33,995 --> 00:07:36,664 I'm certain that people like Sam Cooke's family, 124 00:07:36,747 --> 00:07:40,084 including his father, who was a preacher, said, "We've got to get somewhere 125 00:07:40,168 --> 00:07:43,171 where we can have a life for ourselves, where we can actually not just survive, 126 00:07:43,254 --> 00:07:44,589 but hopefully, we can win." 127 00:07:44,672 --> 00:07:46,674 [piano playing] 128 00:07:50,928 --> 00:07:53,347 My great-grandmother was a slave in Mississippi. 129 00:07:53,431 --> 00:07:56,017 She had no education. Neither did my father. 130 00:07:56,100 --> 00:07:58,352 He was a self-made man, 131 00:07:58,436 --> 00:08:01,814 but he saw the disadvantages to the negro child in the South, 132 00:08:01,898 --> 00:08:04,358 so he went north to Chicago. 133 00:08:04,442 --> 00:08:06,903 In many ways, I'm very like my father. 134 00:08:06,986 --> 00:08:09,322 He has this intense drive that I've got. 135 00:08:11,115 --> 00:08:14,202 Papa Cook got a church in Chicago, 136 00:08:14,285 --> 00:08:16,746 so everybody went to church in his family. 137 00:08:19,123 --> 00:08:20,875 Bronzeville was a beautiful place. 138 00:08:21,584 --> 00:08:25,004 In that corridor, from 43rd and State Street 139 00:08:25,087 --> 00:08:27,757 to 51st Street, 140 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:32,720 there must've been 200 to 300 black businesses that were vibrant. 141 00:08:32,803 --> 00:08:35,806 Segregated, of course. All black. 142 00:08:35,890 --> 00:08:38,100 It was like a black Wall Street. 143 00:08:41,020 --> 00:08:44,398 Churches everywhere on every block. 144 00:08:47,693 --> 00:08:51,447 There is no black politics at this moment in time without the black church. 145 00:08:51,531 --> 00:08:55,409 If you were a popular gospel singer, as Sam Cooke eventually would become, 146 00:08:55,493 --> 00:08:58,538 you would rub elbows with a young Martin Luther King, right? 147 00:08:58,621 --> 00:09:00,998 You would know who Reverend C.L. Franklin was, 148 00:09:01,082 --> 00:09:02,750 who, of course, is Aretha Franklin's father 149 00:09:02,833 --> 00:09:05,127 and generally regarded as one of the greatest preachers 150 00:09:05,211 --> 00:09:07,213 produced in the 20th century. 151 00:09:07,296 --> 00:09:10,591 Chicago was a place where people had to figure out how to hustle for themselves, 152 00:09:10,675 --> 00:09:13,886 and I don't think it's a coincidence that Sam Cooke would eventually say, 153 00:09:13,970 --> 00:09:16,639 "I want to own my own record label, own my own publishing company." 154 00:09:16,722 --> 00:09:18,057 That's what you saw in Chicago. 155 00:09:18,140 --> 00:09:21,811 You saw businesses everywhere, and I'm sure he was impacted by that. 156 00:09:22,562 --> 00:09:25,982 Papa Cook-- he knew that Sam was very gifted. 157 00:09:26,274 --> 00:09:30,695 Matter of fact, the whole Cook children, 'cause they were called the Cook children. 158 00:09:30,778 --> 00:09:33,781 He took 'em around to the churches to sing. 159 00:09:33,864 --> 00:09:36,450 ♪ Well ♪ 160 00:09:36,534 --> 00:09:39,287 [indistinct singing] 161 00:09:39,370 --> 00:09:41,372 ♪Oh ♪ 162 00:09:41,455 --> 00:09:43,082 ♪ Though I've never been up there ♪ 163 00:09:43,165 --> 00:09:46,794 I met Sam at a concert in Gary, Indiana. 164 00:09:46,877 --> 00:09:49,297 I was about 16 years old, 165 00:09:49,380 --> 00:09:53,009 and Sam would had to be around 13 or 14. 166 00:09:53,092 --> 00:09:56,137 I went up, and I say, "Hey, man. You were somethin' else, boy." 167 00:09:56,220 --> 00:09:58,514 I ain't never heard nothing like this before in my life." 168 00:09:59,140 --> 00:10:04,729 ♪ Does Jesus care? ♪ 169 00:10:04,812 --> 00:10:08,566 The Soul Stirrers was a top group. They were one of the biggest. 170 00:10:08,649 --> 00:10:12,653 It was a really big deal when Sam was tapped as a teenager 171 00:10:12,737 --> 00:10:16,073 to fill the shoes of R. H. Harris, 172 00:10:16,157 --> 00:10:18,576 who was a grown man and had been around the circle. 173 00:10:18,659 --> 00:10:22,038 ♪ I no longer stand ♪ 174 00:10:22,121 --> 00:10:24,540 ♪ I ask my mother how ♪ 175 00:10:24,624 --> 00:10:27,335 He starts out trying to sing some of the lead songs 176 00:10:27,418 --> 00:10:30,046 the way that Harris did. He was trying to reach-- 177 00:10:30,129 --> 00:10:32,673 As the story goes, he was trying to reach this high note 178 00:10:32,757 --> 00:10:35,384 and couldn't quite reach it the way Harris did, 179 00:10:35,468 --> 00:10:38,137 and he instinctively did this flutter 180 00:10:38,220 --> 00:10:41,974 where he just kind of reached up for the note and just floated down. 181 00:10:42,058 --> 00:10:43,976 ♪ He gave her ♪ 182 00:10:44,060 --> 00:10:46,062 ♪ And it was not in the well ♪ 183 00:10:46,145 --> 00:10:47,688 -♪ Whoa ♪ -♪ Yes ♪ 184 00:10:47,772 --> 00:10:50,524 When you hear a track like "Jesus Gave Me Water," 185 00:10:50,608 --> 00:10:54,111 you hear Sam keepin' up with the choir, keeping the time, 186 00:10:54,195 --> 00:10:58,115 but then he goes into that little yodel piece, right, 187 00:10:58,199 --> 00:11:01,535 that just says that this is Sam Cooke's song now. 188 00:11:01,619 --> 00:11:03,954 ♪ Water, water, water, water, loving water ♪ 189 00:11:04,038 --> 00:11:08,668 ♪ And it was not in the well ♪ 190 00:11:08,751 --> 00:11:11,087 Aretha Franklin is my longest friend who is still alive. 191 00:11:11,170 --> 00:11:13,839 We grew up together. Occasionally, I would go to their church, 192 00:11:13,923 --> 00:11:17,176 but when Sam and the Soul Stirrers came to that church, 193 00:11:17,259 --> 00:11:19,679 you would've thought they were gonna have a rock concert there 194 00:11:19,762 --> 00:11:22,014 because-- especially for women. 195 00:11:22,098 --> 00:11:25,059 There were women who never even thought about goin' to church until... 196 00:11:25,142 --> 00:11:27,853 until Sam and the Soul Stirrers were there. 197 00:11:27,937 --> 00:11:30,356 And they would be around the block four deep, you know, 198 00:11:30,439 --> 00:11:31,565 because Sam was there. 199 00:11:31,649 --> 00:11:36,237 ♪ Oh, pray when you're feelin' low ♪ 200 00:11:36,320 --> 00:11:38,739 ♪ When the ill wind blows ♪ 201 00:11:38,823 --> 00:11:41,450 ♪ Don't forget to pray ♪ 202 00:11:41,701 --> 00:11:45,079 I believe it was Abyssinia Baptist Church in Newark 203 00:11:45,162 --> 00:11:47,748 where the Soul Stirrers were a part of the program. 204 00:11:47,832 --> 00:11:50,126 I thought he was the cutest thing in the world. 205 00:11:50,209 --> 00:11:52,920 I was 11 years old and madly in love. 206 00:11:53,003 --> 00:11:54,088 [chuckles] 207 00:11:54,171 --> 00:11:56,173 [guitar playing] 208 00:11:58,300 --> 00:12:00,678 [man humming] 209 00:12:15,651 --> 00:12:18,654 Sam Cooke joins the Soul Stirrers when he's in his late teens, 210 00:12:18,738 --> 00:12:22,575 so he's 19-20 years old when he starts to go down south to tour. 211 00:12:22,658 --> 00:12:24,535 [humming continues] 212 00:12:25,619 --> 00:12:29,415 There was a Chitlin Circuit black artists played back in those days, 213 00:12:29,498 --> 00:12:30,833 especially through the South. 214 00:12:30,916 --> 00:12:33,210 We called it the Chitlin Circuit 'cause those places 215 00:12:33,294 --> 00:12:36,589 were like funky like that, you know, like, funky like chitlins. 216 00:12:37,757 --> 00:12:41,844 This is the time when we were on the last legs of vaudeville 217 00:12:41,927 --> 00:12:44,764 and on the beginnings of rock 'n' roll, 218 00:12:44,847 --> 00:12:47,767 of-of-of that kind of RandB rock 'n' roll. 219 00:12:47,850 --> 00:12:49,685 So a lot of the places that we played 220 00:12:49,769 --> 00:12:52,271 were like not very much bigger than this room. 221 00:12:52,354 --> 00:12:56,275 They had one microphone with five of us tryin' to sing on one microphone. 222 00:12:56,358 --> 00:12:59,987 ♪ ...a bad girl be-- ♪ 223 00:13:00,070 --> 00:13:03,199 And I'm singing "Bad Girl" into this guy's chest 224 00:13:03,282 --> 00:13:04,784 because that's how close the crowd-- 225 00:13:04,867 --> 00:13:07,119 There was no stage, and we were on the floor, 226 00:13:07,203 --> 00:13:09,455 and I'm singing "Bad Girl" into this guy's chest, 227 00:13:09,538 --> 00:13:11,624 and people behind him are yellin' and screamin', 228 00:13:11,707 --> 00:13:13,709 "Move out of the way. We can't see." 229 00:13:13,793 --> 00:13:17,922 And so that's an example of what some of that stuff was like. 230 00:13:24,470 --> 00:13:26,222 In traveling the South with the Soul Stirrers, 231 00:13:26,305 --> 00:13:28,724 they're dealing with where they can stay, 232 00:13:28,808 --> 00:13:31,227 where they can eat, the audiences they can play to. 233 00:13:31,310 --> 00:13:33,395 At that moment, you know, he's a kid. 234 00:13:33,479 --> 00:13:36,774 He's got to go with what's going on, but it really pained him, 235 00:13:36,857 --> 00:13:40,319 you know, the heavy yoke of-of the Jim Crow laws, 236 00:13:40,402 --> 00:13:42,655 which was something he wasn't really that accustomed to, 237 00:13:42,738 --> 00:13:45,366 but had to get used to pretty quickly. 238 00:13:45,449 --> 00:13:49,662 The conditions were very hard and very prejudice. 239 00:13:49,745 --> 00:13:52,665 There were places in the South where we couldn't even stay in the hotels. 240 00:13:52,748 --> 00:13:54,250 We'd have to stay in rooming houses. 241 00:13:55,292 --> 00:14:00,881 We used to have to sleep in mortuaries with six bodies there, 242 00:14:00,965 --> 00:14:04,218 us sleepin' in a cot with six bodies in caskets, you know. 243 00:14:07,847 --> 00:14:10,182 Sam, he didn't like the Chitlin Circuit 244 00:14:10,266 --> 00:14:13,978 because he wanted to be able to go where he wanted to go, you know. 245 00:14:15,563 --> 00:14:17,314 After he went on that tour down south, 246 00:14:17,398 --> 00:14:22,778 he came back, and he says, "Scoe, it's a shame how people is being treated. 247 00:14:22,862 --> 00:14:24,446 Somebody should do something about it." 248 00:14:25,364 --> 00:14:27,867 So only thing I could say I know what he was talkin' about 249 00:14:27,950 --> 00:14:31,287 because I had been through the same-- some of the same things myself. 250 00:14:31,370 --> 00:14:35,040 I was comin' from school, and I was on the sidewalk walkin', 251 00:14:35,207 --> 00:14:36,292 and he... 252 00:14:36,375 --> 00:14:40,004 he hit me and knocked me off the sidewalk, say, "I teach a nigger how to... 253 00:14:40,087 --> 00:14:42,256 how to walk on the sidewalk with a white man." 254 00:14:45,050 --> 00:14:46,468 You're talking about a time 255 00:14:46,552 --> 00:14:50,431 where a little black boy, 14 years old, who was also from Chicago, 256 00:14:50,514 --> 00:14:52,433 with roots in Mississippi, just like Sam Cooke, 257 00:14:52,516 --> 00:14:55,394 Emmet Till allegedly whistled at a white woman, 258 00:14:55,477 --> 00:14:58,856 and he was beaten savagely in Money, Mississippi, 259 00:14:58,939 --> 00:15:01,734 and had a fan tied around his neck and was killed. 260 00:15:02,443 --> 00:15:04,987 Sam and I-- we talked about Emmett Till a lot. 261 00:15:05,779 --> 00:15:08,782 We was wondering just how could that be possible? 262 00:15:09,658 --> 00:15:11,744 We didn't understand it at all. 263 00:15:11,827 --> 00:15:18,125 When we saw the picture, I think Sam felt really hurt on a personal level. 264 00:15:18,208 --> 00:15:22,254 Sam thought that there's got to be something that can be done. 265 00:15:22,338 --> 00:15:24,798 We're living in a world where we pay taxes, 266 00:15:24,882 --> 00:15:27,259 and we're law-abiding people, you know what I mean? 267 00:15:27,343 --> 00:15:31,555 This should not happen to a 14-year-old anywhere, you know, 268 00:15:31,639 --> 00:15:33,849 so he was, like, very bitter about that. 269 00:15:36,435 --> 00:15:38,437 [sobbing] 270 00:15:49,031 --> 00:15:51,158 It was a wake-up call, 271 00:15:51,241 --> 00:15:53,327 and it was actually, the really, 272 00:15:53,410 --> 00:15:55,704 the beginning of the Civil Rights movement. 273 00:15:55,788 --> 00:15:58,791 Sam had things on his mind that he wanted to do, 274 00:15:58,874 --> 00:16:01,627 and he especially wanted to help his people, our people, 275 00:16:01,710 --> 00:16:03,420 and he was determined to do that. 276 00:16:03,504 --> 00:16:07,216 And he told me, "'Scoe, one of these days, the world gonna know Sam Cooke, 277 00:16:07,299 --> 00:16:09,218 and I'm gonna help my people." 278 00:16:12,596 --> 00:16:14,598 [intro music playing] 279 00:16:17,601 --> 00:16:20,604 ♪ I bought a brand-new airmobile ♪ 280 00:16:20,688 --> 00:16:23,482 Sam was a person of the early rock-'n'-roll generation, 281 00:16:23,565 --> 00:16:25,317 so he was hearing Chuck Berry. 282 00:16:25,401 --> 00:16:26,860 He was hearing Little Richard. 283 00:16:26,944 --> 00:16:30,864 ♪ Oh, now lawdy, lawdy, lawdy, Miss Clawdy ♪ 284 00:16:31,615 --> 00:16:35,202 ♪ Girl, you sure look good to me ♪ 285 00:16:35,285 --> 00:16:38,831 I met Sam in Specialty Records' office 286 00:16:38,914 --> 00:16:40,708 in 1953. 287 00:16:40,791 --> 00:16:43,502 They were celebrating "Lawdy, Miss Clawdy" 288 00:16:43,585 --> 00:16:45,462 because it was their first rock-'n'-roll record 289 00:16:45,546 --> 00:16:46,922 to ever sell a million copies. 290 00:16:48,298 --> 00:16:50,718 Sam would sneak off to rock-'n'-roll shows 291 00:16:50,801 --> 00:16:54,430 because he saw something bigger, you know. 292 00:16:55,014 --> 00:16:57,891 Sam knew all of the joints to go to. 293 00:16:57,975 --> 00:17:00,144 He'd say, "The Soul Stirrers didn't know, but we'd be out 294 00:17:00,227 --> 00:17:03,272 till two or three o'clock in the morning and have to sing the next day." 295 00:17:03,355 --> 00:17:05,566 He'd say, "But Sam would be ready," you know. 296 00:17:06,483 --> 00:17:10,070 When he came to my show at the Apollo, I pointed something out to him. 297 00:17:10,154 --> 00:17:14,283 I said, "Now, you had about 300. I got 1,700 in here. 298 00:17:14,366 --> 00:17:18,579 They're doin' the same thing here you had 'em doing in Richmond in church. 299 00:17:18,746 --> 00:17:20,789 There's no different than this." 300 00:17:20,873 --> 00:17:23,250 And he just didn't wanna switch. 301 00:17:23,333 --> 00:17:27,087 But all the gospel singers back during that time didn't wanna switch. 302 00:17:27,171 --> 00:17:30,591 You know, I guess it was because of the fear of Jesus. 303 00:17:30,674 --> 00:17:32,676 We are told straight up in the black church, 304 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:36,263 "Either you're gonna sing God's music, or you're gonna do the Devil's music." 305 00:17:36,346 --> 00:17:39,767 And there's a kind of a guilt complex that gets tied to that 306 00:17:39,850 --> 00:17:40,768 because you're like, 307 00:17:40,851 --> 00:17:45,230 "Well, I wanna sing God's music, but this Devil music's got me dancing. 308 00:17:45,314 --> 00:17:48,942 And this Devil music can make me famous. I can do more things with my life." 309 00:17:49,818 --> 00:17:52,404 He said himself, "I was afraid at first 310 00:17:52,488 --> 00:17:55,783 because I knew that if I switched over... 311 00:17:56,533 --> 00:17:59,328 if it didn't work, I couldn't come back with the Soul Stirrers." 312 00:17:59,411 --> 00:18:00,746 That's the way people were. 313 00:18:00,829 --> 00:18:03,082 Once you went out there, they weren't forgiving. 314 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:07,002 Papa Cook was like my father, you know. 315 00:18:07,086 --> 00:18:09,046 He said, "Boy, let me tell you something. 316 00:18:09,129 --> 00:18:11,006 You can gain the world... 317 00:18:11,090 --> 00:18:12,341 and lose your soul. 318 00:18:12,424 --> 00:18:15,302 You're doin' good with the Soul Stirrers. Everybody loves you. 319 00:18:15,385 --> 00:18:17,471 You're known all around the country." 320 00:18:18,388 --> 00:18:21,975 But Sam told him, "I want to be known all around the world." 321 00:18:23,727 --> 00:18:27,564 Sam was saying early on, "I wanna make a wide range of music. 322 00:18:27,648 --> 00:18:30,359 I wanna appeal to a wide range of people." 323 00:18:30,442 --> 00:18:32,402 Well, why is that? It's about freedom. 324 00:18:32,486 --> 00:18:35,405 I think he understood that whatever he was doing in this period 325 00:18:35,489 --> 00:18:38,242 would have an impact on the people who would come after him. 326 00:18:39,451 --> 00:18:40,452 ♪ Wonderful ♪ 327 00:18:40,536 --> 00:18:42,246 There was a song called, uh, 328 00:18:42,329 --> 00:18:43,580 ♪ Wonderful ♪ 329 00:18:43,664 --> 00:18:46,375 ♪ Oh-oh-oh ♪ 330 00:18:46,458 --> 00:18:50,254 ♪ My God is so wonderful ♪ 331 00:18:52,256 --> 00:18:54,800 [Sam] ♪ He's wonderful ♪ 332 00:18:54,883 --> 00:18:56,510 ♪ Whoa ♪ 333 00:18:56,593 --> 00:18:57,928 He took that song and said, 334 00:18:58,011 --> 00:18:59,930 ♪ Lovable ♪ 335 00:19:00,639 --> 00:19:03,934 ♪ She is so lovable ♪ 336 00:19:04,017 --> 00:19:06,186 [Sam] ♪ She's so lovable ♪ 337 00:19:08,647 --> 00:19:11,066 ♪ Ooh-ooh ♪ 338 00:19:11,150 --> 00:19:15,529 The first record that he came out with, he didn't use Sam Cooke. 339 00:19:15,612 --> 00:19:19,908 He used Dale Cook because he was afraid of the backlash. 340 00:19:20,033 --> 00:19:22,369 We used to, "Man, that's-that's-that's gotta be Sam. 341 00:19:22,452 --> 00:19:25,789 I don't know anybody-- I haven't heard anybody who sang like that." 342 00:19:25,873 --> 00:19:27,833 ♪ Whoa ♪ 343 00:19:27,916 --> 00:19:30,419 At some point, he just made peace with the fact that, 344 00:19:30,502 --> 00:19:32,754 "I'm gonna make the kind of music that I wanna make, 345 00:19:32,838 --> 00:19:35,674 and I'm gonna use my name-- C-O-O-K. 346 00:19:35,757 --> 00:19:37,718 I'm gonna add a "E" to it for some flavor, 347 00:19:37,801 --> 00:19:39,469 you know, special Chicago flavor, 348 00:19:39,803 --> 00:19:43,473 and I'm gonna put out this little song in 1957 called 'You Send Me.'" 349 00:19:43,557 --> 00:19:45,392 [Sam] This is "You Send Me." 350 00:19:46,268 --> 00:19:48,353 [guitar intro playing] 351 00:19:52,274 --> 00:19:56,236 ♪ You send me ♪ 352 00:19:57,529 --> 00:20:01,450 ♪ Darling, you send me ♪ 353 00:20:01,533 --> 00:20:04,620 Even though it's presented in a much more polished way in "You Send Me," 354 00:20:04,703 --> 00:20:08,373 you can hear aspects of his gospel background. 355 00:20:09,666 --> 00:20:12,628 ♪ Honest you do, whoa-oa-oa ♪ 356 00:20:12,711 --> 00:20:14,963 That moment where he does the "whoa-oa-oa," 357 00:20:15,047 --> 00:20:17,591 I mean, it's just, like, fantastic as a signature. 358 00:20:20,093 --> 00:20:25,098 "You Send Me" is one of the most perfect pop songs of the era. 359 00:20:25,182 --> 00:20:28,477 It's a song that was probably too pop-ish for Elvis Presley. 360 00:20:30,854 --> 00:20:35,108 When they announced they were gonna have Sam Cooke on Ed Sullivan's show... 361 00:20:35,943 --> 00:20:38,153 we knew that the record was a hit. 362 00:20:39,029 --> 00:20:41,573 For African-Americans, of course there was this great pride. 363 00:20:41,657 --> 00:20:45,285 You know, not everyone has a television, so it wasn't unusual that you might have 364 00:20:45,369 --> 00:20:47,412 the one or two families in the black neighborhood 365 00:20:47,496 --> 00:20:49,289 that has a television, 366 00:20:49,373 --> 00:20:50,999 and everybody shows up at the house 367 00:20:51,083 --> 00:20:54,461 just to catch a glimpse of blackness on television. 368 00:20:54,544 --> 00:20:56,922 And now, ladies and gentlemen--Sam Cooke. 369 00:20:57,673 --> 00:20:58,507 ♪ Darling you ♪ 370 00:20:58,590 --> 00:21:02,052 We were all waiting, 30 or 40 people around a little television, 371 00:21:02,135 --> 00:21:03,762 waiting for Sam to come on. 372 00:21:03,845 --> 00:21:06,515 It was like seein' God, really. 373 00:21:06,598 --> 00:21:07,808 [chuckles] 374 00:21:07,891 --> 00:21:10,227 ♪ Mm-mm, mm-mm ♪ 375 00:21:10,310 --> 00:21:13,522 ♪ Honest you do ♪ 376 00:21:14,356 --> 00:21:16,358 [applause] 377 00:21:19,945 --> 00:21:23,699 It's a gold record commemorating the million-record sale 378 00:21:23,782 --> 00:21:26,285 of your big hit "You Send Me," and here it is. 379 00:21:26,368 --> 00:21:28,287 Ha ha. Thank you, Steve, and I'd like to-- 380 00:21:28,370 --> 00:21:30,622 -[applause] -[indistinct chatter] 381 00:21:32,416 --> 00:21:34,626 One night, I was singin' in the church 382 00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:38,171 and thinkin' maybe I'll have to get a side job. 383 00:21:38,255 --> 00:21:42,259 I'd heard of the stories of Cinderella singers like Elvis Presley, 384 00:21:42,342 --> 00:21:46,555 but I never expected to be in one of those big payoffs myself. 385 00:21:47,389 --> 00:21:50,934 "You Send Me" went straight up the charts, so he felt like, 386 00:21:51,018 --> 00:21:56,231 "I'm going to do what I wanna do, and I'm going to go where I wanna go." 387 00:21:58,525 --> 00:22:00,485 Dick Clark from American Bandstand 388 00:22:00,569 --> 00:22:03,280 was also a concert promoter all around the country, 389 00:22:03,363 --> 00:22:08,368 and he hired Sam Cooke to come down to Atlanta and to do a live show. 390 00:22:08,452 --> 00:22:09,661 Dick Clark has such an impact 391 00:22:09,745 --> 00:22:12,998 in terms of how young folks listen to American music. 392 00:22:13,081 --> 00:22:16,335 If you're Sam Cooke, you had to be on that show. 393 00:22:16,418 --> 00:22:17,794 Sam was about the only black, 394 00:22:17,878 --> 00:22:21,173 or I should say negro singer at the time on the show, 395 00:22:21,256 --> 00:22:23,967 and the Klan members down there had a problem with that. 396 00:22:25,510 --> 00:22:28,013 Suddenly, there are threats coming from the KKK 397 00:22:28,096 --> 00:22:30,724 suggesting that perhaps you should not go up on that stage. 398 00:22:32,059 --> 00:22:35,437 Ku Klux Klan had just bombed a Jewish synagogue down there, 399 00:22:35,520 --> 00:22:37,189 so we know they meant business. 400 00:22:38,023 --> 00:22:40,609 Sam told us Dick was thinking about canceling 401 00:22:40,692 --> 00:22:43,737 'cause he was getting all of this threatening mail, 402 00:22:43,820 --> 00:22:46,698 and people saying that they were gonna blow up the studio 403 00:22:46,782 --> 00:22:49,201 if he had a-a nigger on, you know. 404 00:22:49,284 --> 00:22:51,912 That's just the way it was, you know. 405 00:22:52,829 --> 00:22:56,375 Dick Clark did what a powerful white man would do. 406 00:22:56,458 --> 00:23:00,837 He called the National Guard to keep people safe from the KKK, 407 00:23:00,921 --> 00:23:02,964 but what Dick Clark didn't know 408 00:23:03,256 --> 00:23:05,300 that probably most black people in Atlanta knew 409 00:23:05,384 --> 00:23:07,886 that you probably couldn't trust the National Guard, either. 410 00:23:07,969 --> 00:23:09,429 That's how pervasive this was. 411 00:23:09,513 --> 00:23:12,557 [Dick] Welcome aboard. It's nice to have you here on a Saturday night. 412 00:23:12,641 --> 00:23:17,479 He was angry, but he wasn't afraid to go nowhere, not Sam. 413 00:23:17,562 --> 00:23:18,939 [Dick] It's Sam Cooke. 414 00:23:19,022 --> 00:23:20,774 [cheers and applause] 415 00:23:20,857 --> 00:23:23,276 For Sam to go and do it anyway, 416 00:23:23,360 --> 00:23:25,821 absolutely courageous, absolutely fearless, 417 00:23:25,904 --> 00:23:27,864 because he was breaking boundaries, you know, 418 00:23:27,948 --> 00:23:30,450 and I think Sam realized very early on "This is bigger than me." 419 00:23:32,035 --> 00:23:34,746 What Sam Cooke would've said is that, "I'm a man, 420 00:23:34,830 --> 00:23:36,623 and I'm a black man, and as a black man, 421 00:23:36,706 --> 00:23:39,626 I have a responsibility to go on this show 422 00:23:39,709 --> 00:23:41,545 and bring down whatever walls I can bring-- 423 00:23:41,628 --> 00:23:45,507 whatever boundaries I can help dissipate by showing that I am talented, 424 00:23:45,590 --> 00:23:48,427 I am skilled, I can compete with the best of them. 425 00:23:48,510 --> 00:23:50,971 And in fact, there was an audience within white America 426 00:23:51,054 --> 00:23:53,181 that was very interested in having me seen there." 427 00:24:03,024 --> 00:24:06,445 Los Angeles, California, when you live in Cleveland, Ohio, 428 00:24:06,528 --> 00:24:09,072 is like a...  a wonderland. 429 00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:13,452 He had moved out to California where all the movie stars, 430 00:24:13,535 --> 00:24:17,831 so we looked at him as really had hit it big, you know. 431 00:24:17,914 --> 00:24:19,499 He could be the forerunner. 432 00:24:19,958 --> 00:24:21,960 [male announcer] The Arthur Murray Party. 433 00:24:25,589 --> 00:24:28,758 To start the evening off, we have invited a young singer, 434 00:24:28,842 --> 00:24:32,888 who already has the most amazingly long list of hit recordings, 435 00:24:32,971 --> 00:24:34,931 and he deserves every one of them. 436 00:24:35,015 --> 00:24:36,391 It's Sam Cooke. 437 00:24:38,226 --> 00:24:40,437 [song intro plays] 438 00:24:43,899 --> 00:24:45,650 ♪ Mary, Mary Lou ♪ 439 00:24:46,860 --> 00:24:48,987 ♪ Why must you do ♪ 440 00:24:49,070 --> 00:24:53,283 ♪ The things that you always do? ♪ 441 00:24:53,366 --> 00:24:54,534 Yeah. 442 00:24:54,618 --> 00:24:56,870 I remember when he signed with RCA Victor. 443 00:24:56,953 --> 00:24:58,330 He says, "Man, can you believe 444 00:24:58,413 --> 00:25:01,500 that I'm number two under Elvis Presley in sales?" 445 00:25:01,583 --> 00:25:02,584 [song ends] 446 00:25:02,667 --> 00:25:04,586 [cheers and whistles] 447 00:25:07,756 --> 00:25:10,050 We liked Elvis Presley, you know, 448 00:25:10,133 --> 00:25:11,801 but I never thought I'd meet him. 449 00:25:11,885 --> 00:25:15,222 One day, Sam said, "Hey, listen. Elvis is comin' over." 450 00:25:15,305 --> 00:25:18,266 And we were like... "Sam's bullshittin' us, man. 451 00:25:18,350 --> 00:25:21,478 Elvis Presley ain't comin' over here to meet us, you know." 452 00:25:22,395 --> 00:25:25,315 But sure enough, he came over to the studio, 453 00:25:25,398 --> 00:25:29,402 and I thought like, "Man, Sam is out here. He knows everybody." 454 00:25:31,279 --> 00:25:34,199 ♪ We're havin' a party ♪ 455 00:25:35,742 --> 00:25:37,911 ♪ Dancin' to the music ♪ 456 00:25:38,870 --> 00:25:41,122 People think of Sam Cooke primarily as a singer, 457 00:25:41,206 --> 00:25:43,959 and I don't think he gets enough credit as a songwriter. 458 00:25:44,668 --> 00:25:47,295 You know, if you listen to a song like "Having a Party"... 459 00:25:47,379 --> 00:25:49,798 ♪ The Cokes are in the icebox... ♪ 460 00:25:49,881 --> 00:25:52,133 ...you get these little snapshots of his life. 461 00:25:52,217 --> 00:25:53,468 You wanna be at that party. 462 00:25:53,552 --> 00:25:56,429 You feel the joy, the emotion of what's going on. 463 00:25:56,513 --> 00:25:58,932 ♪ Baby ♪ 464 00:25:59,015 --> 00:26:00,559 ♪ We're out here on the floor ♪ 465 00:26:00,642 --> 00:26:04,938 Sam likes the idea of suddenly being in these exclusive circles 466 00:26:05,021 --> 00:26:06,690 with very powerful white people 467 00:26:06,773 --> 00:26:08,858 who could help him, and he could learn from them. 468 00:26:08,942 --> 00:26:12,821 It's kind of changing his idea of who he is and the influence he can have. 469 00:26:13,905 --> 00:26:17,867 RCA built their own studio at Sunset and Vine, 470 00:26:17,951 --> 00:26:21,913 and I was the first engineer they hired. 471 00:26:21,997 --> 00:26:25,083 Recording Sam was like catching fish in a barrel. 472 00:26:25,250 --> 00:26:29,254 He wrote the songs. He sang the songs. He knew exactly what he wanted. 473 00:26:29,337 --> 00:26:33,925 We spent a lot of time together, and Sam got inside me, you know. 474 00:26:34,009 --> 00:26:37,053 He was more like a brother to me. 475 00:26:37,429 --> 00:26:41,391 ♪ The house I live in ♪ 476 00:26:41,474 --> 00:26:43,560 ♪ A plot of earth ♪ 477 00:26:43,643 --> 00:26:45,645 ♪ A street ♪ 478 00:26:45,729 --> 00:26:48,982 He certainly had hit a point in his career where he could've just been playing 479 00:26:49,065 --> 00:26:52,235 the biggest nightclubs in New York, in Los Angeles, in Chicago. 480 00:26:52,319 --> 00:26:54,904 It would've been easy for him to not go back to the South. 481 00:26:54,988 --> 00:26:58,199 But I think it was important for him to constantly keep that connection 482 00:26:58,283 --> 00:27:00,035 for himself and for his audience, 483 00:27:00,118 --> 00:27:04,205 but to keep his finger on what was happening in the Civil Rights movement, 484 00:27:04,289 --> 00:27:07,709 which wasn't happening the same way in the North or the West. 485 00:27:07,792 --> 00:27:11,796 ♪ That's America ♪ 486 00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:15,967 ♪To ♪ 487 00:27:16,051 --> 00:27:19,179 ♪ Me ♪ 488 00:27:19,262 --> 00:27:21,556 My very first tour was with Sam Cooke. 489 00:27:21,640 --> 00:27:23,683 We were in South Carolina, 490 00:27:23,767 --> 00:27:26,561 and Sam says, "Everybody hungry?" We say, "Yeah." 491 00:27:26,645 --> 00:27:28,938 We walked into this little place, 492 00:27:29,022 --> 00:27:33,652 and we sat down and were asked to stand up. 493 00:27:34,527 --> 00:27:36,363 Oh, ok. 494 00:27:36,446 --> 00:27:40,033 And we asked. I said, "Are you gonna take our orders?" 495 00:27:40,116 --> 00:27:41,993 "You gotta shut up and wait till I get to you." 496 00:27:42,077 --> 00:27:45,455 So me and my big mouth. I said, "You know what you can do? 497 00:27:46,206 --> 00:27:50,168 Take that order and shove it." And we left. 498 00:27:50,251 --> 00:27:53,630 Ten minutes later, there was a police officer... 499 00:27:54,422 --> 00:27:56,049 that came to the bus... 500 00:27:56,800 --> 00:27:59,135 and he stepped onto the bus. 501 00:27:59,219 --> 00:28:01,137 And Sam said, "Can I help you?" 502 00:28:01,930 --> 00:28:04,891 He said, "Yeah, we wanna know who those two gals were 503 00:28:04,974 --> 00:28:08,144 that were rude to the waitress in the tavern house." 504 00:28:09,104 --> 00:28:13,441 And Sam says, "First of all, we don't have gals on our bus. 505 00:28:13,608 --> 00:28:15,610 We have ladies and gentlemen... 506 00:28:16,319 --> 00:28:17,987 and this happens to be my bus. 507 00:28:18,071 --> 00:28:19,489 It's private property, 508 00:28:19,572 --> 00:28:22,575 and I'm gonna ask you kindly to step off of it." 509 00:28:23,368 --> 00:28:26,746 He thought about who he was 510 00:28:26,830 --> 00:28:29,749 and those around him, who they were, 511 00:28:29,833 --> 00:28:31,751 and that they were not going to take advantage 512 00:28:31,835 --> 00:28:33,962 of anybody that he cared about. 513 00:28:35,088 --> 00:28:36,464 I will never forget the day 514 00:28:36,548 --> 00:28:40,635 I was unable to fulfill a one-night singing engagement in Georgia 515 00:28:40,719 --> 00:28:43,054 because I wouldn't sit in a Jim Crow bus, 516 00:28:43,138 --> 00:28:45,140 and because no white taxicab driver 517 00:28:45,223 --> 00:28:47,809 would take me from the airport to the city. 518 00:28:47,892 --> 00:28:52,439 And negro cab drivers were not permitted to bring their cabs into the airport. 519 00:28:54,441 --> 00:28:57,861 We used to play places in the South whereas the audiences, 520 00:28:57,944 --> 00:29:00,697 even though they were integrated, they were segregated 521 00:29:00,780 --> 00:29:03,283 because the white people would be upstairs, 522 00:29:03,366 --> 00:29:05,577 and the black people would be downstairs or vice versa. 523 00:29:05,660 --> 00:29:07,912 Or there'd be a big stage in the center of this arena, 524 00:29:07,996 --> 00:29:10,540 and white people would be on one side, black people on the other, 525 00:29:10,623 --> 00:29:12,500 not even hardly lookin' at each other. 526 00:29:12,584 --> 00:29:15,962 They had signs that said, "General Admission--2.50. 527 00:29:16,045 --> 00:29:18,214 White spectators--a dollar and a half." 528 00:29:18,423 --> 00:29:20,258 They'd sit up in the top of the places 529 00:29:20,341 --> 00:29:23,845 and watch the black people dance, you know. It was sickening. 530 00:29:23,928 --> 00:29:30,435 ♪ Someone really loves you ♪ 531 00:29:30,518 --> 00:29:32,562 ♪ Guess who ♪ 532 00:29:33,646 --> 00:29:36,941 -♪ Guess who ♪ -There was a friend of... Jesse Belvin. 533 00:29:37,025 --> 00:29:38,777 In February of 1960, 534 00:29:38,860 --> 00:29:43,907 Jesse played the first integrated show in Arkansas. 535 00:29:43,990 --> 00:29:45,241 It was a big deal. 536 00:29:45,325 --> 00:29:48,077 After the show was over, everybody left, went their separate ways, 537 00:29:48,161 --> 00:29:50,121 and about a half an hour out on the road, 538 00:29:50,205 --> 00:29:53,291 Jesse Belvin had a... head-on-head-on collision, 539 00:29:53,541 --> 00:29:54,959 and it was fatal. 540 00:29:56,503 --> 00:30:00,632 [Davis] Jesse Belvin, his wife, and three other people died. 541 00:30:01,341 --> 00:30:03,468 At first, we thought it was an accident, 542 00:30:03,551 --> 00:30:09,557 but later, we found out that his tires had been cut by some locals in the area. 543 00:30:11,226 --> 00:30:16,105 It was very, very shocking, you know, 'cause he had a great future ahead of him. 544 00:30:16,189 --> 00:30:18,191 Of course it was a message. 545 00:30:19,275 --> 00:30:22,946 I think Sam sort of saw that potential and wanted him to be a bigger star, 546 00:30:23,029 --> 00:30:25,949 and in that sort of terrible way, he was just sort of cut down. He was gone. 547 00:30:26,032 --> 00:30:28,576 So now he wasn't just carrying Emmett Till, 548 00:30:28,660 --> 00:30:32,413 he was also carrying Jesse Belvin with him and the things that he wanted to do 549 00:30:32,497 --> 00:30:34,707 and the ways that he wanted to break down racism. 550 00:30:41,464 --> 00:30:44,092 On May 12th, 1961, 551 00:30:44,175 --> 00:30:47,762 we were playin' the Memphis City Auditorium. 552 00:30:48,429 --> 00:30:52,559 Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson. It was at least about 12 acts. 553 00:30:52,642 --> 00:30:54,602 So Sam asked the people that's in charge, 554 00:30:54,686 --> 00:30:56,813 "Would the blacks sit at in the auditorium?" 555 00:30:56,896 --> 00:30:59,774 The guy say, "Well, the back and the balcony, 556 00:30:59,858 --> 00:31:01,734 but they can't be up-front." 557 00:31:01,818 --> 00:31:05,196 So Sam said, "Well..." He said, "I can't perform here." 558 00:31:06,030 --> 00:31:09,784 Sam would say... "How does it look? 559 00:31:09,868 --> 00:31:14,539 You know, I'm a star, and I'm known the world over... 560 00:31:15,748 --> 00:31:18,793 but in my own home country... 561 00:31:19,502 --> 00:31:21,838 I'm goin' along with some shit like this. 562 00:31:21,921 --> 00:31:26,384 I'm gonna perform while my people is up in the balcony, 563 00:31:26,467 --> 00:31:29,679 and the people downstairs can dance and have a good time, 564 00:31:29,762 --> 00:31:31,723 but my people can't dance? 565 00:31:31,806 --> 00:31:34,434 I don't care what nobody else do. I ain't goin' for that shit." 566 00:31:35,643 --> 00:31:39,981 Sam gathered a meeting with all of the entertainers... 567 00:31:41,024 --> 00:31:42,609 to boycott the show. 568 00:31:43,359 --> 00:31:45,069 And everybody agreed, 569 00:31:45,153 --> 00:31:49,032 "Yeah. Yeah, Sam. You're right. You're right. Yeah, we with you, man." 570 00:31:50,283 --> 00:31:51,618 Went back to the hotel. 571 00:31:51,701 --> 00:31:54,454 I went to Beetle Street first and got me some bourbon. 572 00:31:54,537 --> 00:31:55,580 [chuckles] 573 00:31:55,663 --> 00:31:57,665 I laid down, took a little nap. 574 00:31:58,583 --> 00:32:00,752 And I got up later... 575 00:32:01,586 --> 00:32:03,880 everybody-- I went round and knocked. 576 00:32:03,963 --> 00:32:07,800 Everybody had gone and went back to the auditorium. 577 00:32:07,884 --> 00:32:11,179 I went to Sam's room. He was in the room. Had on a-- never will forget. 578 00:32:11,262 --> 00:32:14,432 He had on a white T-shirt, and he watching television. 579 00:32:14,515 --> 00:32:16,267 And I says, "Sam, they all gone." 580 00:32:16,351 --> 00:32:19,228 I said, "They said they was gonna stick with you," you know. 581 00:32:20,021 --> 00:32:23,274 He say, "Yeah, I know."  He said, "But..." He said, "I'm not goin'." 582 00:32:24,233 --> 00:32:26,945 I'm not sure that Jesse Belvin's death 583 00:32:27,028 --> 00:32:30,740 had an effect on the outcome of this boycott 584 00:32:30,823 --> 00:32:33,159 Sam was trying to do 585 00:32:33,242 --> 00:32:36,329 because they was afraid what could happen to them. 586 00:32:36,955 --> 00:32:39,207 He was takin' a big risk. 587 00:32:39,290 --> 00:32:43,461 He could've been hurt or killed there, you know, at that time, you know. 588 00:32:44,671 --> 00:32:46,839 That's when I saw him in a different-- 589 00:32:46,923 --> 00:32:49,050 I had never seen that in him before. 590 00:32:49,926 --> 00:32:52,136 And the hotel that time was the Lorraine. 591 00:32:53,137 --> 00:32:57,016 Same hotel Martin Luther King was killed at some years later. 592 00:33:02,021 --> 00:33:05,566 I've always detested people of any color, religion or nationality 593 00:33:05,650 --> 00:33:08,778 who lack courage to stand up and be counted. 594 00:33:09,654 --> 00:33:11,739 It is a difficult thing to do. 595 00:33:11,823 --> 00:33:15,201 I hope, by refusing to play to a segregated audience, 596 00:33:15,284 --> 00:33:18,204 it would help to break down racial segregation here. 597 00:33:18,287 --> 00:33:19,956 And if I'm ever booked here again, 598 00:33:20,039 --> 00:33:22,542 it won't be necessary to do a similar thing. 599 00:33:22,625 --> 00:33:25,128 ♪ Alabama's got me so upset ♪ 600 00:33:25,962 --> 00:33:28,840 ♪ Tennessee made me lose my rest ♪ 601 00:33:28,923 --> 00:33:32,010 ♪ Everybody knows about Mississippi ♪ 602 00:33:32,093 --> 00:33:34,220 ♪ God... damn ♪ 603 00:33:34,721 --> 00:33:37,015 During that time period, there were major artists, 604 00:33:37,098 --> 00:33:38,474 Nina Simone comes to mind, 605 00:33:38,683 --> 00:33:40,935 whose music would get banned from parts of the country 606 00:33:41,019 --> 00:33:42,437 for some of their political stances. 607 00:33:42,520 --> 00:33:44,355 And Sam was taking a big risk by saying, 608 00:33:44,439 --> 00:33:46,149 "I don't wanna play in a segregated space," 609 00:33:46,232 --> 00:33:48,568 you know, particularly because he was a major star. 610 00:33:48,651 --> 00:33:50,653 [song intro playing] 611 00:33:55,324 --> 00:33:56,534 ♪ Well, don't you know ♪ 612 00:33:56,617 --> 00:33:58,619 ♪ That's the sound of the men ♪ 613 00:33:58,703 --> 00:34:03,124 ♪ Working on the chain gang ♪ 614 00:34:03,207 --> 00:34:07,253 Folks who didn't understand that Sam actually had some political concerns, 615 00:34:07,336 --> 00:34:08,880 you listen to a song like "Chain Gang," 616 00:34:08,963 --> 00:34:11,758 which just the rhythm of the song immediately would resonate 617 00:34:11,841 --> 00:34:15,762 for generations of black folks who know about places like Parchman 618 00:34:15,845 --> 00:34:17,263 and other prison farms. 619 00:34:17,346 --> 00:34:20,058 Yet you see these photos of Hugo and Luigi, 620 00:34:20,141 --> 00:34:22,310 his two producers, and Sam Cooke, 621 00:34:22,393 --> 00:34:25,855 and they're comically dressed up in their black-and-whites and little caps, 622 00:34:25,938 --> 00:34:30,359 and so it's a way to take this song and bring it to mainstream white America, 623 00:34:30,443 --> 00:34:33,029 but is also delivering a particular kind of critique 624 00:34:33,112 --> 00:34:35,865 of what would've been a prison industrial complex 625 00:34:35,948 --> 00:34:37,617 of the late 1950s, 626 00:34:37,700 --> 00:34:39,827 in which white audiences and black audiences 627 00:34:39,911 --> 00:34:41,537 hear that very, very differently. 628 00:34:41,621 --> 00:34:44,290 And there had been so few examples of black artists 629 00:34:44,373 --> 00:34:46,501 who could code switch in that way 630 00:34:46,584 --> 00:34:51,089 and be recognized in both the black world and the white world and still be men. 631 00:34:51,172 --> 00:34:52,924 What white people have to do 632 00:34:53,007 --> 00:34:55,551 is try to find out in their own hearts 633 00:34:55,635 --> 00:34:58,805 why it was necessary to have a nigger in the first place 634 00:34:58,888 --> 00:35:00,306 because I'm not a nigger. 635 00:35:00,389 --> 00:35:01,349 I am a man. 636 00:35:02,350 --> 00:35:04,435 If I'm not the nigger here... 637 00:35:04,519 --> 00:35:07,855 and if you invented him, you, the white people, invented him... 638 00:35:07,939 --> 00:35:09,774 then you got to find out why. 639 00:35:09,857 --> 00:35:13,528 James Baldwin was one of his favorite authors. 640 00:35:13,611 --> 00:35:15,488 He captured his attention. 641 00:35:16,072 --> 00:35:18,741 Baldwin was a deep writer. 642 00:35:18,825 --> 00:35:20,701 I could understand... 643 00:35:20,785 --> 00:35:24,247 Sam respecting him and pickin' up on his... 644 00:35:24,330 --> 00:35:26,874 meaning and what he's contributing. 645 00:35:26,958 --> 00:35:29,418 He says, "You guys got to read." 646 00:35:29,502 --> 00:35:32,880 And we weren't really carin' about no books or nothin' like that. 647 00:35:32,964 --> 00:35:36,467 You know, we just wanted to sing and be on television and stuff. 648 00:35:36,551 --> 00:35:38,302 But he's like, "Man, that's not all of it." 649 00:35:38,386 --> 00:35:40,513 He say, "You got to be knowledgeable." 650 00:35:40,888 --> 00:35:42,932 The country has arbitrarily declared 651 00:35:43,015 --> 00:35:46,269 that kinky hair and dark skin, wide nose and big lips 652 00:35:46,352 --> 00:35:48,646 is a hideous thing to be afflicted with. 653 00:35:48,729 --> 00:35:52,859 Sam was the one who started the black guys... 654 00:35:53,734 --> 00:35:54,610 to wearin' fros. 655 00:35:55,486 --> 00:35:58,489 ♪ My baby couldn't do the cha-cha-cha ♪ 656 00:35:59,574 --> 00:36:01,993 -♪ I told her ♪ -Before that, our hair was processed, 657 00:36:02,076 --> 00:36:05,329 and we were wearin' the slickback, the waves, and all that stuff like that. 658 00:36:05,413 --> 00:36:07,582 Sam said, "No, that won't be me." 659 00:36:07,665 --> 00:36:09,125 ♪ She likes her cha-cha-cha ♪ 660 00:36:09,208 --> 00:36:13,963 He went on TV, where his mother almost passed out because of the hair. 661 00:36:14,046 --> 00:36:17,341 Heh. She did not like it, and she said, 662 00:36:17,425 --> 00:36:19,385 "Oh, look at my child." 663 00:36:20,386 --> 00:36:23,014 Sam would talk to L.C. about, 664 00:36:23,097 --> 00:36:26,684 "Man, you ought to get that process out your hair and let it go natural." 665 00:36:26,767 --> 00:36:31,063 He felt that it was part of his history... his culture. 666 00:36:32,356 --> 00:36:33,733 Switched over immediately. 667 00:36:33,816 --> 00:36:36,068 All the black guys started gettin' the fros, you know. 668 00:36:36,152 --> 00:36:37,236 Sam was a powerful man. 669 00:36:39,655 --> 00:36:41,616 We were in Atlanta, 670 00:36:41,699 --> 00:36:45,119 and in between concerts, he'd go to a newsstand and buy every magazine, 671 00:36:45,203 --> 00:36:48,748 and one day, he went and bought a boxing magazine. 672 00:36:49,540 --> 00:36:51,125 And there was this guy. 673 00:36:51,209 --> 00:36:55,296 I said, "Sam, this kid is the shit." 674 00:36:55,379 --> 00:36:56,881 He said, "All right, go get him." 675 00:36:56,964 --> 00:36:59,967 And I said, "What do you mean?" He said, "Tell him I sent you." 676 00:37:01,761 --> 00:37:03,095 I said, "Oh, my God." 677 00:37:07,725 --> 00:37:09,143 I knock on his door. 678 00:37:09,227 --> 00:37:12,063 His brother Rudy cracks the door, and I said, 679 00:37:12,146 --> 00:37:14,941 "I'm with the William Morris--" and he slams the door in my face. 680 00:37:15,024 --> 00:37:17,526 And I said... "Sam Cooke." 681 00:37:18,236 --> 00:37:21,364 And his mother said, "Let that boy in." 682 00:37:22,240 --> 00:37:24,575 And his mother couldn't stop talking about Sam. 683 00:37:25,493 --> 00:37:28,871 So, we made a deal to do an album... 684 00:37:29,664 --> 00:37:31,624 and they really bonded. 685 00:37:31,707 --> 00:37:33,709 Sam was God to him. 686 00:37:33,793 --> 00:37:36,254 This is Sam Cooke. As you can see, like me, he's awful pretty. 687 00:37:36,337 --> 00:37:38,422 -Ha ha. -And we are here now 688 00:37:38,506 --> 00:37:41,384 workin' on a record called "The Gang's All Here." 689 00:37:41,467 --> 00:37:43,552 Would you like to give us a preview of this disc? 690 00:37:43,636 --> 00:37:47,890 We'll do a lot better if we had the music here with us, but we'll try. 691 00:37:47,974 --> 00:37:50,851 -♪ Hey, hey, the gang's all here ♪ -[bangs beat on desk] 692 00:37:51,644 --> 00:37:53,354 ♪ Join in the fun ♪ 693 00:37:53,437 --> 00:37:54,272 Ha ha ha. 694 00:37:54,355 --> 00:37:57,358 ♪ Hey, hey, the gang's all here ♪ 695 00:37:57,942 --> 00:37:59,819 ♪ We gonna swing as one ♪ 696 00:37:59,902 --> 00:38:01,112 ♪ Do it again now... ♪ 697 00:38:01,195 --> 00:38:03,781 The joy that they brought out of each other and the laughter-- 698 00:38:03,864 --> 00:38:06,325 they were showing a range of emotions together. 699 00:38:06,409 --> 00:38:08,869 A kind of black male freedom, if you will. 700 00:38:09,704 --> 00:38:12,081 That was not really--heh-- 701 00:38:12,164 --> 00:38:14,750 something we saw a lot of at that time in America. 702 00:38:14,834 --> 00:38:16,669 You know, you always saw, up until that point, 703 00:38:16,752 --> 00:38:19,714 these really harsh, stereotypical images of black people 704 00:38:19,797 --> 00:38:22,258 who were either, you know, buffoons and clowns 705 00:38:22,341 --> 00:38:24,260 and, you know, exaggerated facial expressions, 706 00:38:24,343 --> 00:38:26,429 eyes bugging out, stuff like that. 707 00:38:26,512 --> 00:38:28,222 ♪ We gonna swing as one ♪ 708 00:38:28,306 --> 00:38:32,601 -How you like that? -Let's think about a young Michael Jackson 709 00:38:32,685 --> 00:38:34,854 or a young Prince Rogers Nelson, 710 00:38:34,937 --> 00:38:36,814 who would've been five or six years old, 711 00:38:36,897 --> 00:38:39,275 sitting around the television watching these two young men. 712 00:38:39,358 --> 00:38:42,653 What Ali and Sam Cooke represented was possibility. 713 00:38:42,737 --> 00:38:46,824 Right? That there was another way for them to be in the world 714 00:38:46,907 --> 00:38:48,242 other than the way that the world 715 00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:51,245 had dictated that black men had to be in the world. 716 00:38:51,329 --> 00:38:55,374 It disturbed perceptions of what black masculinity was. 717 00:38:56,792 --> 00:39:00,504 Cassius Clay very quietly was being mentored by a man named Malcolm X, 718 00:39:00,588 --> 00:39:04,675 who was this fearless, and very much feared, black leader in America 719 00:39:04,759 --> 00:39:06,844 who spoke, as he said, truth to power. 720 00:39:06,927 --> 00:39:09,930 It's not hate to say that we were kidnapped and brought here. It's true. 721 00:39:10,014 --> 00:39:13,642 It's not hate to say we were Jim Crowed, discriminated, and segregated. It's true. 722 00:39:13,726 --> 00:39:16,228 Sam Cooke doesn't know Malcolm X yet, 723 00:39:16,312 --> 00:39:19,106 but he's just seen how the Nation of Islam moves, 724 00:39:19,190 --> 00:39:20,941 how they dealing with white supremacy, 725 00:39:21,025 --> 00:39:22,985 He's, "Oh, this is kind of interesting." Right? 726 00:39:23,069 --> 00:39:25,237 And he starts paying more attention to Malcolm X. 727 00:39:25,321 --> 00:39:27,156 They eventually become friends. 728 00:39:27,239 --> 00:39:28,908 Black men should have a hand in controlling 729 00:39:28,991 --> 00:39:31,452 the economy of the so-called negro community. 730 00:39:31,535 --> 00:39:33,537 He should be developing the type of knowledge 731 00:39:33,621 --> 00:39:36,457 that will enable him to own and operate the businesses, 732 00:39:36,540 --> 00:39:41,003 and thereby be able to create employment for his own people, for his own kind. 733 00:39:41,087 --> 00:39:44,131 Just like the Civil Rights movement was basically saying, "Why not us?" 734 00:39:44,215 --> 00:39:45,508 Sam was saying the same thing 735 00:39:45,591 --> 00:39:48,636 as an entrepreneur, a black businessman. "Why not us?" 736 00:39:48,719 --> 00:39:52,181 ♪ My man's got a heart-- ♪ 737 00:39:52,264 --> 00:39:57,269 Black blues musicians and jazz musicians and early black rock-'n'-roll artists 738 00:39:57,353 --> 00:39:59,647 who didn't really make anything from their music. 739 00:39:59,730 --> 00:40:03,109 It was like sharecropping, where you do all the work, you do the labor-- 740 00:40:03,192 --> 00:40:04,944 it's your creativity, your energy-- 741 00:40:05,027 --> 00:40:07,154 and then someone else reaps the benefits of it. 742 00:40:07,238 --> 00:40:11,867 This publishers would rook songwriters out of their music. 743 00:40:11,951 --> 00:40:16,372 Give 'em $25 and buy songs that became massive hits. 744 00:40:16,455 --> 00:40:20,126 -♪ In the still of the-- ♪ -♪ Shoo-doo, dooby-doo ♪ 745 00:40:20,209 --> 00:40:23,170 Black musicians didn't get treated fairly. 746 00:40:23,254 --> 00:40:25,089 Instead of gettin' royalties, they would get... 747 00:40:25,172 --> 00:40:27,216 they'd get-- you'd get cocaine. 748 00:40:29,635 --> 00:40:32,721 And that's just the way it was back then. 749 00:40:34,014 --> 00:40:36,058 Disc jockey out of Philadelphia said, 750 00:40:36,142 --> 00:40:39,812 "Sam, you know they're probably rippin' you off, RCA Records?" 751 00:40:39,895 --> 00:40:43,357 And he says, "I got a good CPA friend that I want you to meet." 752 00:40:44,275 --> 00:40:47,278 Allen Klein was an accountant in New York. 753 00:40:48,154 --> 00:40:50,364 Klein had overheard conversations 754 00:40:50,448 --> 00:40:54,785 about Sam's dissatisfaction with receiving royalty payments from RCA. 755 00:40:56,120 --> 00:40:59,415 So Allen Klein audits RCA Victor... 756 00:41:00,291 --> 00:41:03,127 and comes up with a bunch of money for Sam. 757 00:41:04,420 --> 00:41:05,838 Sam was extremely generous, 758 00:41:05,921 --> 00:41:08,632 always looked out for, not just his wife and children, 759 00:41:08,716 --> 00:41:12,636 but also for his family members back in Chicago. 760 00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:16,640 He could've had a perfectly fine career as a singer, 761 00:41:16,724 --> 00:41:19,602 but it was always this idea there was something more. 762 00:41:19,685 --> 00:41:21,645 He was always looking at what was gonna be next 763 00:41:21,729 --> 00:41:24,732 because he had this sense of the bigger picture. 764 00:41:24,815 --> 00:41:29,320 J.W. Alexander was a member of the Pilgrim Travelers, 765 00:41:29,403 --> 00:41:32,031 and when that group disbanded, 766 00:41:32,114 --> 00:41:34,116 he started a publishing company. 767 00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:36,202 Said, "Sam, you're writing a lot of songs. 768 00:41:36,285 --> 00:41:39,079 You need to own your publishing because that's where the money's at. 769 00:41:39,163 --> 00:41:40,331 That's where the power's at." 770 00:41:40,414 --> 00:41:42,708 Sam says, "Well, if we're gonna start a publishing company, 771 00:41:42,791 --> 00:41:44,877 how about us starting a record company on top of it 772 00:41:45,044 --> 00:41:46,378 and record our own artists?" 773 00:41:46,462 --> 00:41:48,672 And that was the beginning of the partnership. 774 00:41:48,756 --> 00:41:50,549 -[Sam] Johnnie? -Hey. 775 00:41:50,633 --> 00:41:52,134 I want you to sing this real plain-- 776 00:41:52,218 --> 00:41:54,929 ♪ But everybody's got a smile ♪ 777 00:41:55,012 --> 00:41:58,807 -♪ But everybody's got a smile ♪ -Right. We're in business. 778 00:41:59,975 --> 00:42:02,019 He was Berry Gordy before Berry Gordy 779 00:42:02,102 --> 00:42:06,357 when Sam started SAR Records with J.W. Alexander. 780 00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:07,983 The purpose of SAR Records 781 00:42:08,067 --> 00:42:12,029 was to give many of the gospel artists that Sam knew 782 00:42:12,112 --> 00:42:15,991 an opportunity to record pop records, perhaps cross over. 783 00:42:16,659 --> 00:42:18,744 He had Johnnie Taylor and Mel Carter. 784 00:42:18,827 --> 00:42:23,123 And I loved... The Valentinos. I loved them. 785 00:42:23,207 --> 00:42:25,084 There was a song called, "I'm Lookin for a Love," 786 00:42:25,167 --> 00:42:28,045 and Bobby sounded like Sam on there. 787 00:42:28,128 --> 00:42:30,506 ♪ I'm lookin', I'm lookin', I'm lookin' ♪ 788 00:42:30,589 --> 00:42:34,677 ♪ I'm lookin' for a love to call my own ♪ 789 00:42:34,760 --> 00:42:36,554 ♪ Someone to get up in the mornin' ♪ 790 00:42:36,637 --> 00:42:41,058 Sam Cooke and J.W. Alexander were both good businessmen, 791 00:42:41,141 --> 00:42:43,978 but I know it was all about... 792 00:42:44,061 --> 00:42:46,313 tryin' to help these artists out. 793 00:42:47,940 --> 00:42:50,734 I am aware that ownin' a record company 794 00:42:50,818 --> 00:42:53,946 is a losing deal much too often for comfort, 795 00:42:54,029 --> 00:42:57,575 but this company of mine  is concentrating on recording negro artists 796 00:42:57,658 --> 00:43:02,037 I feel have the ingredients to become as successful as I have. 797 00:43:02,121 --> 00:43:06,625 And if I lose a few dollars along the way, in the end, it will be worth it to me. 798 00:43:06,709 --> 00:43:09,461 Morally, it's a worthwhile project. 799 00:43:09,545 --> 00:43:11,922 People think the Rolling Stones' first hit was "Satisfaction." 800 00:43:12,006 --> 00:43:14,091 It wasn't. It was "It's All Over Now." 801 00:43:14,174 --> 00:43:17,428 ♪ Because I used to love her ♪ 802 00:43:17,511 --> 00:43:20,514 ♪ But it's all over now ♪ 803 00:43:20,598 --> 00:43:25,269 And few people know that that song was written by... Bobby Womack, 804 00:43:25,352 --> 00:43:27,730 who was a member of The Valentinos, 805 00:43:27,813 --> 00:43:30,399 which was a group signed to Sam Cooke's label. 806 00:43:30,482 --> 00:43:35,279 The fact that they knew Sam Cooke and admired his music as much as they did 807 00:43:35,362 --> 00:43:39,408 and would want to record something by an artist affiliated with Sam Cooke 808 00:43:39,491 --> 00:43:40,701 isn't surprising at all. 809 00:43:41,619 --> 00:43:44,079 SAR Records and Sam Cooke... 810 00:43:44,747 --> 00:43:48,292 was a threat to every other record company in the country. 811 00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:50,711 The vision was that 812 00:43:50,794 --> 00:43:54,173 "We're gonna make the artist just as important as the owner... 813 00:43:54,923 --> 00:43:57,968 and we're not gonna treat them as second-class citizens." 814 00:43:58,052 --> 00:43:59,762 He was so forward-thinking 815 00:43:59,845 --> 00:44:02,222 about the industry and the control of the money. 816 00:44:02,306 --> 00:44:05,559 It's part of what makes Sam Cooke so dangerous. 817 00:44:05,643 --> 00:44:08,395 What could be the greatest thing in the world that would happen to you? 818 00:44:08,479 --> 00:44:12,274 The greatest thing to happen to me--if all the singers I'm connected with had hits. 819 00:44:13,150 --> 00:44:16,987 Though he was making moves that could be identified as black self-empowerment, 820 00:44:17,071 --> 00:44:19,615 his own record label, his own publishing company, 821 00:44:19,698 --> 00:44:21,158 at the same time, 822 00:44:21,241 --> 00:44:24,578 he was grappling with, "How can I be my authentic black self 823 00:44:24,662 --> 00:44:27,206 and speak truth to what's happening?" 824 00:44:27,581 --> 00:44:29,333 ♪ How many roads ♪ 825 00:44:29,416 --> 00:44:31,877 ♪ Must a man walk down ♪ 826 00:44:32,795 --> 00:44:36,298 ♪ Before you call him a man? ♪ 827 00:44:36,382 --> 00:44:39,093 It's hard to sing "Everybody Likes To Cha-Cha-Cha" 828 00:44:39,176 --> 00:44:42,346 when there were songs like "Blowing in the Wind." 829 00:44:42,888 --> 00:44:46,892 The combination of this Jewish brother, Bob Dylan, and that song, 830 00:44:46,975 --> 00:44:50,104 and these black-and-white folks and other people comin' together 831 00:44:50,187 --> 00:44:52,606 in places like the march on Washington 832 00:44:52,690 --> 00:44:55,526 gave Sam the fuel to say, 833 00:44:55,609 --> 00:44:57,319 "Okay, in some of my performances, 834 00:44:57,403 --> 00:45:00,906 I'm gonna start to weave in songs like "Blowing in the Wind." 835 00:45:01,824 --> 00:45:05,869 ♪ How many times can a mountain exist ♪ 836 00:45:05,953 --> 00:45:06,912 ♪ Mm ♪ 837 00:45:06,995 --> 00:45:09,832 ♪ 'Fore it's washed down to the sea? ♪ 838 00:45:10,791 --> 00:45:12,084 ♪ Tell me ♪ 839 00:45:12,167 --> 00:45:16,922 ♪ How many years can some people exist ♪ 840 00:45:17,005 --> 00:45:20,050 ♪ Before they allowed to be free? ♪ 841 00:45:21,051 --> 00:45:22,803 Even if I'm gonna speed the song up 842 00:45:22,886 --> 00:45:25,764 so you may not catch exactly what I'm doing, 843 00:45:25,848 --> 00:45:27,683 but those who know will know, 844 00:45:27,766 --> 00:45:30,811 "Hey, he's now performing an anthem, a political anthem." 845 00:45:30,894 --> 00:45:34,231 ♪ Oh, the answer, my friend ♪ 846 00:45:34,314 --> 00:45:36,734 ♪ Is blowin' in the wind, ah ♪ 847 00:45:36,817 --> 00:45:41,029 ♪That answer blowin' in the wind, oh ♪ 848 00:45:41,113 --> 00:45:45,576 Sam is moved by the ideas in "Blowing in the Wind," 849 00:45:45,659 --> 00:45:46,827 but he's also embarrassed. 850 00:45:46,910 --> 00:45:49,830 Why is it Bob Dylan, this white artist, 851 00:45:49,913 --> 00:45:53,834 who is speaking to the masses about social change at this moment, 852 00:45:53,917 --> 00:45:56,003 during the midst of the Civil Rights movement? 853 00:45:56,086 --> 00:45:59,548 Why aren't we seeing black artists do that themselves? 854 00:45:59,631 --> 00:46:02,926 ♪There been times that I thought ♪ 855 00:46:03,010 --> 00:46:07,681 ♪ I couldn't last for long... ♪ 856 00:46:07,765 --> 00:46:10,976 I came by the session when they were recording "Change is Gonna Come," 857 00:46:11,059 --> 00:46:13,854 and my hair stood up, you know. 858 00:46:14,521 --> 00:46:16,648 He wanted to write things like that, 859 00:46:16,732 --> 00:46:19,318 and it was amazing how well that came out. 860 00:46:19,401 --> 00:46:23,572 ♪ It's been a long ♪ 861 00:46:23,655 --> 00:46:25,616 ♪ A long time comin' ♪ 862 00:46:25,699 --> 00:46:28,494 ♪ But I know ♪ 863 00:46:28,577 --> 00:46:30,788 ♪ Change gonna come ♪ 864 00:46:30,871 --> 00:46:32,581 You know, as a singer grows older, 865 00:46:32,664 --> 00:46:36,126 his conception goes a little deeper because he lives life, 866 00:46:36,210 --> 00:46:39,755 and he understands what he's trying to say a little more. 867 00:46:39,838 --> 00:46:44,468 I think if a singer tries to find out what's happening in life, 868 00:46:44,551 --> 00:46:45,969 it gives him a better insight 869 00:46:46,053 --> 00:46:49,097 on telling the story of the song he's trying to sing. 870 00:46:49,181 --> 00:46:52,643 I told him, I said, "Man, it sounded like eerie. 871 00:46:52,726 --> 00:46:55,562 It sounded like death or something, you know." 872 00:46:55,646 --> 00:46:57,773 He said, "Well, you know what? It is like death. 873 00:46:57,856 --> 00:47:00,818 It's the death of the old me 874 00:47:00,901 --> 00:47:03,237 and a birth of the new me." 875 00:47:03,320 --> 00:47:06,448 He said, "That's what I was thinkin' about when I wrote this song. 876 00:47:06,532 --> 00:47:09,076 That, uh, it's gonna come, 877 00:47:09,159 --> 00:47:11,662 but I wanna be a part of makin' it happen." 878 00:47:12,454 --> 00:47:15,249 There is no doubt about Sam 879 00:47:15,332 --> 00:47:19,294 moving more into the center of the movement 880 00:47:19,378 --> 00:47:22,756 because the satisfaction of hit records... 881 00:47:23,632 --> 00:47:24,675 didn't do it. 882 00:47:25,843 --> 00:47:27,928 Just like touchdowns didn't do it for me. 883 00:47:28,011 --> 00:47:30,973 [male announcer] Browns' Jimmy Brown blasts his way right down the middle 884 00:47:31,056 --> 00:47:33,058 with a sensational scoring run. 885 00:47:33,141 --> 00:47:38,522 And if you were a popular celebrity that had crossover value, 886 00:47:38,605 --> 00:47:43,360 you did have the pressure of were you going to be careful, 887 00:47:43,443 --> 00:47:46,488 or were you going to be truthful? Were you going to be real? 888 00:47:51,285 --> 00:47:52,786 [Clay] I'm ready to rumble. 889 00:47:52,870 --> 00:47:54,830 I can't be beat. 890 00:47:54,913 --> 00:47:55,914 I'm the champ. 891 00:47:55,998 --> 00:47:59,334 Sam and I and a bunch of people all went to see the fight. 892 00:47:59,418 --> 00:48:02,170 All of a sudden, all these Muslims were around us. 893 00:48:03,422 --> 00:48:06,300 Malcolm X was there. I shook his hand. 894 00:48:06,383 --> 00:48:08,302 [Brown] Malcolm X, Sam Cooke, 895 00:48:08,385 --> 00:48:09,553 Ali and myself. 896 00:48:09,636 --> 00:48:15,475 It was a rare experience for all of us to be in one place at the same time. 897 00:48:15,559 --> 00:48:17,519 We're almost all set to go 898 00:48:17,603 --> 00:48:19,771 for that World Heavyweight Championship fight. 899 00:48:19,855 --> 00:48:23,817 When I found out that Jim Brown, Sam Cooke, 900 00:48:23,901 --> 00:48:26,403 Muhammad Ali aka Cassius Clay, 901 00:48:26,486 --> 00:48:28,113 and Malcolm X were all connected, 902 00:48:28,196 --> 00:48:31,116 I said, "What an amazing connection, 903 00:48:31,199 --> 00:48:34,453 but what a huge threat to America at that time." 904 00:48:34,536 --> 00:48:35,996 [cheering] 905 00:48:37,205 --> 00:48:41,293 Malcolm X is the oldest of them, the political theorist, if you will. 906 00:48:41,376 --> 00:48:43,378 Sam Cooke's only 33 years old. 907 00:48:43,462 --> 00:48:47,299 Great well-known singer, but in many ways, a business genius, right? 908 00:48:47,966 --> 00:48:51,845 And then you have these two 20-something professional athletes 909 00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:54,890 who young and white folks adore. 910 00:48:54,973 --> 00:48:57,267 What you see is this interesting kind of moment 911 00:48:57,351 --> 00:49:00,646 in the early stage development of what we might call black power. 912 00:49:00,729 --> 00:49:03,190 -[bell dings] -[Clay] I am the greatest. 913 00:49:04,650 --> 00:49:06,818 [announcer] Overconfidence. This can happen. 914 00:49:06,902 --> 00:49:09,321 [Clay] This is the legend of Cassius Clay, 915 00:49:09,404 --> 00:49:11,907 the most beautiful fighter in the world today. 916 00:49:11,990 --> 00:49:13,533 -[bell clangs] -Look at the guy yawning. 917 00:49:13,617 --> 00:49:16,411 [Clay] This brash young boxer is something to see, 918 00:49:16,495 --> 00:49:19,331 and the Heavyweight Championship is his destiny. 919 00:49:19,414 --> 00:49:21,750 He is the greatest. 920 00:49:23,377 --> 00:49:24,586 [ringside bell clangs] 921 00:49:24,670 --> 00:49:27,965 [announcer] They might be stopping it. That might be all, ladies and gentlemen. 922 00:49:28,048 --> 00:49:29,549 Get up there, Joe. 923 00:49:29,633 --> 00:49:31,218 Sam Cooke is front and center, 924 00:49:31,301 --> 00:49:34,054 and he watches Clay become heavyweight champion in the world. 925 00:49:34,137 --> 00:49:36,848 At that moment, Clay's yelling at the sportswriters, 926 00:49:36,932 --> 00:49:39,434 tellin 'em that, "I told ya." He's pointing fingers. 927 00:49:39,518 --> 00:49:43,897 And he yells out, "Sam Cooke. Sam Cooke's the greatest. 928 00:49:43,981 --> 00:49:45,565 Come on, Sam. Come up here." 929 00:49:45,649 --> 00:49:49,027 Hey, let that man up here. Let Sam in. World's greatest  rock-'n'-roll singer. 930 00:49:49,111 --> 00:49:50,153 This is Sam Cooke. 931 00:49:50,237 --> 00:49:53,657 Sam Cooke, a very good friend, a good vocalist, with Cassius. 932 00:49:53,740 --> 00:49:57,119 Excuse me. Move back, if you will. 933 00:49:57,202 --> 00:49:59,162 -Did I shake up the world? -You are beautiful. 934 00:49:59,246 --> 00:50:01,081 [indistinct chatter] 935 00:50:01,164 --> 00:50:05,544 We all ended up that night in this little black motel. 936 00:50:05,627 --> 00:50:08,213 It became sort of historical. 937 00:50:08,296 --> 00:50:10,048 We just shared our thoughts. 938 00:50:10,132 --> 00:50:13,135 Standing up was a big thing for all of us... 939 00:50:13,218 --> 00:50:16,847 because we defied second-class citizenship 940 00:50:16,930 --> 00:50:18,765 and being considered inferior. 941 00:50:19,725 --> 00:50:24,021 Being outspoken, the risk was to lose money 942 00:50:24,104 --> 00:50:26,690 or to lose your popularity with Middle America... 943 00:50:27,733 --> 00:50:30,193 but those of us who, uh... 944 00:50:30,277 --> 00:50:33,363 were there that night cared nothing about that. 945 00:50:33,613 --> 00:50:37,159 We were talkin' about standing up as human beings and demanding our rights. 946 00:50:38,035 --> 00:50:40,787 That black male energy that Sam Cooke possessed, 947 00:50:40,871 --> 00:50:43,623 that Malcolm X possessed, that Cassius Clay possessed-- 948 00:50:43,707 --> 00:50:45,959 unfortunately for some people in power in this country, 949 00:50:46,043 --> 00:50:48,378 represented a threat that had to be stopped, 950 00:50:48,462 --> 00:50:50,964 and that's why informants were all around those folks. 951 00:50:51,048 --> 00:50:53,467 And little did we know that one year after that, 952 00:50:53,550 --> 00:50:56,636 both Sam Cooke and Malcolm X would be dead. 953 00:50:57,846 --> 00:51:02,267 Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali were being surveilled by the FBI. 954 00:51:02,350 --> 00:51:05,479 So Sam Cooke gets caught up in all of that, also. 955 00:51:05,562 --> 00:51:07,064 In these FBI documents, 956 00:51:07,147 --> 00:51:10,025 you know, he's this negro recording star from Los Angeles 957 00:51:10,108 --> 00:51:12,944 who's spending time with Muslims. Well, that was Sam Cooke. 958 00:51:13,028 --> 00:51:16,114 What was he doing politically that they might find threatening. 959 00:51:16,948 --> 00:51:18,283 If you're J. Edgar Hoover, 960 00:51:18,366 --> 00:51:20,577 who was always concerned and fearful 961 00:51:20,660 --> 00:51:23,038 of the radicalization of black people, 962 00:51:23,121 --> 00:51:25,082 and you're looking at these four men, 963 00:51:25,165 --> 00:51:27,209 Sam Cooke might be the most dangerous to you 964 00:51:27,292 --> 00:51:29,503 because he's already in white American living rooms. 965 00:51:30,212 --> 00:51:33,799 Cassius Clay announces the next day, "My name is now Muhammad Ali." 966 00:51:33,882 --> 00:51:37,552 Clay was a white man's name. It was a slave name. 967 00:51:37,636 --> 00:51:40,097 And I'm no longer Clay, I'm no longer a slave, 968 00:51:40,180 --> 00:51:42,015 so now I'm Muhammad Ali. 969 00:51:42,099 --> 00:51:44,684 Because he's a clean-living young man, 970 00:51:44,768 --> 00:51:47,771 and this is the main thing that the honorable Elijah Muhammad 971 00:51:47,854 --> 00:51:50,982 does teach in spreading the religion of Islam throughout the-- 972 00:51:51,066 --> 00:51:53,026 among our people in this country. 973 00:51:53,110 --> 00:51:56,446 We saw a picture of Sam with Malcolm X, 974 00:51:56,530 --> 00:52:00,408 and we were askin' him, "Was he thinkin' about turnin' to be a Muslim?" 975 00:52:00,492 --> 00:52:01,910 And he's like, "Nah, man." 976 00:52:01,993 --> 00:52:05,247 Sam was drawn to the economical part of it-- 977 00:52:05,455 --> 00:52:07,666 owning and having your own. 978 00:52:07,749 --> 00:52:13,046 We didn't see the Muslims here as spiritual. 979 00:52:13,130 --> 00:52:14,798 It was more educational. 980 00:52:14,881 --> 00:52:17,843 About self independence. 981 00:52:17,926 --> 00:52:19,845 That's what it all was about. 982 00:52:21,721 --> 00:52:23,390 I'm sure the RCA marketing people 983 00:52:23,473 --> 00:52:28,436 would've had great concern that Sam was hanging out with Malcolm X. 984 00:52:28,645 --> 00:52:33,608 They would've feared the loss of considerable portion of Sam's audience. 985 00:52:33,692 --> 00:52:36,987 If you're RCA, you don't want your mainstream black artist 986 00:52:37,070 --> 00:52:38,655 talking about those kind of politics, 987 00:52:38,738 --> 00:52:41,324 so there's a second verse of "Change is Gonna Come" 988 00:52:41,408 --> 00:52:44,452 that was famously deleted when it was initially released, 989 00:52:44,536 --> 00:52:47,914 that very explicitly talks about segregation 990 00:52:47,998 --> 00:52:50,000 and Jim Crow segregation in the South. 991 00:52:50,083 --> 00:52:55,088 ♪ And I go downtown ♪ 992 00:52:56,131 --> 00:52:57,757 ♪ Somebody keep telling me ♪ 993 00:52:57,841 --> 00:53:01,928 ♪ Don't hang around ♪ 994 00:53:02,012 --> 00:53:04,222 And I think it's very telling that, you know, 995 00:53:04,306 --> 00:53:07,058 the record company deleted that verse because they were concerned 996 00:53:07,142 --> 00:53:09,853 about what kind of reaction the public would have 997 00:53:09,936 --> 00:53:11,980 with this very political verse in the song. 998 00:53:13,315 --> 00:53:15,192 At that moment in his career, 999 00:53:15,275 --> 00:53:20,530 Sam was a musical icon, a culture hero, who had reached out to white audiences, 1000 00:53:20,614 --> 00:53:23,325 and had a real foothold in those white audiences, 1001 00:53:23,408 --> 00:53:28,413 and could play a show like the Copa, and it's incredibly successful. 1002 00:53:29,539 --> 00:53:32,626 And yet, he never had left his black audience. 1003 00:53:32,709 --> 00:53:36,588 And you hear all of that in "Live at the Harlem Square," 1004 00:53:36,671 --> 00:53:38,423 and "Bring It On Home To Me" 1005 00:53:38,506 --> 00:53:42,469 is just such an amazing, powerful moment on that record. 1006 00:53:42,552 --> 00:53:44,095 ♪ I'll always be your slave ♪ 1007 00:53:44,179 --> 00:53:45,513 Ha ha. 1008 00:53:45,597 --> 00:53:47,807 ♪ Till I'm buried ♪ 1009 00:53:47,891 --> 00:53:49,893 ♪ Buried in my grave ♪ 1010 00:53:49,976 --> 00:53:54,940 ♪ But while I'm livin', bring it to me, Bring back-- ♪ 1011 00:53:55,023 --> 00:53:57,609 There's something else in that "Harlem Square" recording 1012 00:53:57,692 --> 00:53:59,319 that's so much grittier and blacker. 1013 00:53:59,402 --> 00:54:01,154 ♪ Everybody's with me tonight ♪ 1014 00:54:01,238 --> 00:54:04,449 ♪ Look, listen, let me hear you say yeah ♪ 1015 00:54:04,532 --> 00:54:06,618 There is something terribly tragic 1016 00:54:06,701 --> 00:54:10,288 that folks didn't get to hear the "Harlem Square" album... until 1985. 1017 00:54:11,122 --> 00:54:12,791 I think there's probably several reasons 1018 00:54:12,874 --> 00:54:15,794 why it wasn't released at the time it was recorded. 1019 00:54:15,877 --> 00:54:20,632 I can't discount the fact that RCA didn't relate to it on a commercial level. 1020 00:54:20,715 --> 00:54:26,596 Forget about... you know, too RandB, too black... or whatever. 1021 00:54:27,180 --> 00:54:30,016 That was not the guy they wanted playing Vegas and the Copa, 1022 00:54:30,100 --> 00:54:31,685 which were things Sam wanted as well, 1023 00:54:31,768 --> 00:54:35,146 but Sam felt there was room to do both of those. The record industry didn't. 1024 00:54:35,230 --> 00:54:38,275 I think the more they pushed it aside, the more Sam pushed forward with it 1025 00:54:38,358 --> 00:54:40,860 because he had to be who he was. He had to fulfill that. 1026 00:54:40,944 --> 00:54:43,947 These things had been important to him for a very long time. 1027 00:54:45,865 --> 00:54:50,161 Sam really wanted to build an empire. 1028 00:54:50,245 --> 00:54:52,872 He felt he could do it, 1029 00:54:53,415 --> 00:54:55,542 and he was not afraid to do it. 1030 00:54:56,376 --> 00:54:59,254 Sam had an ideal of getting all the big entertainers 1031 00:54:59,337 --> 00:55:03,133 like Jackie Wilson, James Brown... to put all their money together, 1032 00:55:03,216 --> 00:55:07,804 and let's start our own big record company and booking agency all within one. 1033 00:55:08,638 --> 00:55:12,183 The mob has always been involved in the record industry... 1034 00:55:12,267 --> 00:55:14,227 simply because it's a lucrative business. 1035 00:55:15,145 --> 00:55:19,149 He would get phone calls, and he would get visits from mob figures 1036 00:55:19,232 --> 00:55:21,151 who wanted a piece of his businesses. 1037 00:55:21,234 --> 00:55:24,362 There were some guys that came up to Sam's dressing room, 1038 00:55:24,446 --> 00:55:26,990 and he would never let us leave the dressing room. 1039 00:55:27,073 --> 00:55:31,369 He said, "Anything you can say, you can say with my little brothers." 1040 00:55:31,453 --> 00:55:33,204 So they were like, "Sam, look here. 1041 00:55:33,288 --> 00:55:37,917 We hear you're tryin' to start a music union of your own, 1042 00:55:38,001 --> 00:55:40,587 and we want you to leave that alone." 1043 00:55:40,670 --> 00:55:42,547 But he's like, "Well, fuck all y'all. 1044 00:55:42,630 --> 00:55:44,758 I don't give a damn about that shit. 1045 00:55:44,841 --> 00:55:47,052 Hell, I'm gonna-- I will do what I wanna do." 1046 00:55:47,135 --> 00:55:50,638 And Sammy Davis even called Sam, said, uh... 1047 00:55:50,722 --> 00:55:53,391 "You got to listen to these guys. These guys are serious guys." 1048 00:55:55,352 --> 00:56:00,607 It was very courageous and was scary, too, you know, 'cause a lot of people was... 1049 00:56:00,690 --> 00:56:03,526 "Oh, man. Oh, no, you can't mess with that." You know. 1050 00:56:03,610 --> 00:56:05,570 "I don't wanna get killed." You know. 1051 00:56:08,531 --> 00:56:10,658 I got a phone call at the office, 1052 00:56:10,742 --> 00:56:15,372 and they wanted to have him come home... immediately. 1053 00:56:15,455 --> 00:56:16,623 There was trouble. 1054 00:56:17,624 --> 00:56:20,919 And he went home and found out that his son died. 1055 00:56:22,545 --> 00:56:25,673 Vincent was... by the pool, 1056 00:56:25,757 --> 00:56:28,593 and Sam's wife went in the house for a little while, 1057 00:56:28,676 --> 00:56:32,472 and he just slipped into the pool... and he died. 1058 00:56:33,932 --> 00:56:36,726 And, uh,  it affected Sam a lot. 1059 00:56:37,727 --> 00:56:42,315 It took a long time for him to be able to even talk about it. 1060 00:56:43,942 --> 00:56:46,903 And then it was a touchy subject 1061 00:56:46,986 --> 00:56:50,657 that you don't wanna bring those kind of things up to anybody. 1062 00:56:51,282 --> 00:56:54,327 Every time he walked in the house, he walked right by the pool 1063 00:56:54,411 --> 00:56:56,371 in the front yard that his son died in. 1064 00:56:57,122 --> 00:57:00,583 So he didn't have a lot of peaceful days at home after that. 1065 00:57:01,543 --> 00:57:03,211 It affected his marriage a lot. 1066 00:57:04,379 --> 00:57:08,633 I would sit many a time at the dinner table... 1067 00:57:08,716 --> 00:57:11,970 and Sam would get up to go out. 1068 00:57:13,555 --> 00:57:18,935 And Barbara suspected what he was doing. Every-- we all knew. 1069 00:57:19,644 --> 00:57:21,312 He was a womanizer. 1070 00:57:22,313 --> 00:57:24,691 He started drinking a little bit more Beefeaters. 1071 00:57:24,774 --> 00:57:28,153 He... It changed him. 1072 00:57:28,236 --> 00:57:31,197 After Vincent died, all he wanted to do was work. 1073 00:57:31,281 --> 00:57:33,241 He poured himself into his work. 1074 00:57:33,324 --> 00:57:35,618 Immediately wanted to go on tour. "Let's go." 1075 00:57:36,161 --> 00:57:38,621 ♪ And I know, I know, I know ♪ 1076 00:57:38,705 --> 00:57:40,707 ♪ A ring that's rollin' ♪ 1077 00:57:41,958 --> 00:57:44,586 ♪ Has no end ♪ 1078 00:57:44,669 --> 00:57:46,171 ♪ And, oh ♪ 1079 00:57:47,755 --> 00:57:51,551 ♪ A baby when it's sleepin' ♪ 1080 00:57:51,634 --> 00:57:56,639 ♪ There's no cryin' ♪ 1081 00:57:58,183 --> 00:57:59,726 ♪ A baby when-- ♪ 1082 00:57:59,809 --> 00:58:03,771 He's masking the very real pain and loss in his life-- 1083 00:58:03,855 --> 00:58:04,856 the loss of a son. 1084 00:58:04,939 --> 00:58:07,484 And that's in concert with just the added pressures 1085 00:58:07,567 --> 00:58:09,611 of being Sam Cooke, 1086 00:58:09,694 --> 00:58:12,322 as being famous, as being a celebrity, 1087 00:58:12,405 --> 00:58:14,449 as being what most white folks 1088 00:58:14,532 --> 00:58:17,660 would've thought of as a credit to the race. 1089 00:58:17,744 --> 00:58:19,954 That doesn't come without a price. 1090 00:58:21,748 --> 00:58:23,875 It was renegotiation time at RCA... 1091 00:58:24,876 --> 00:58:27,670 so Allen Klein, who's become Sam's manager, 1092 00:58:27,754 --> 00:58:30,882 "I'll tell you what. I'll negotiate the contract." 1093 00:58:30,965 --> 00:58:34,427 And they came up with a concept where they'd create their own record company, 1094 00:58:34,511 --> 00:58:38,640 separate from RCA, and then lease the material out to RCA. 1095 00:58:38,723 --> 00:58:41,434 The company was named Tracey Limited, 1096 00:58:41,518 --> 00:58:44,521 and Tracey was the name of Sam's middle daughter. 1097 00:58:44,604 --> 00:58:48,024 And how it was explained to Sam 1098 00:58:48,107 --> 00:58:51,236 was that this would be a venture 1099 00:58:51,319 --> 00:58:54,280 where Sam would own the company, 1100 00:58:54,364 --> 00:58:57,951 own the rights to the recorded materials, 1101 00:58:58,034 --> 00:59:02,330 be in charge in the studio, which is something he really wanted. 1102 00:59:03,498 --> 00:59:06,334 It turns out that Sam was bedridden around this time. 1103 00:59:06,417 --> 00:59:07,502 He had the flu. 1104 00:59:07,585 --> 00:59:10,797 What that time period did was give Sam a chance 1105 00:59:10,880 --> 00:59:12,173 to look through his papers, 1106 00:59:12,257 --> 00:59:14,509 and he realized that there were things that weren't right 1107 00:59:14,592 --> 00:59:18,096 as far as the ownership of his music business, 1108 00:59:18,179 --> 00:59:21,140 and he realized that, "Wait a minute. Things are very wrong." 1109 00:59:21,224 --> 00:59:25,186 I can imagine... it would be quite a shock... 1110 00:59:25,853 --> 00:59:30,233 when he learned that the real effect of all of this paperwork 1111 00:59:30,316 --> 00:59:35,029 is that Allen Klein was the owner of Tracey Limited, 1112 00:59:35,113 --> 00:59:37,198 which, in effect, makes Sam... 1113 00:59:38,032 --> 00:59:41,327 an employee... of Allen Klein. 1114 00:59:43,413 --> 00:59:46,916 Before he died, Sam said to me, "I'm gonna leave that asshole." 1115 00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:51,004 That Thursday, he had proclaimed that he was gonna fly to New York Monday 1116 00:59:51,087 --> 00:59:54,632 and make a whole lot of changes, including firing Allen Klein, 1117 00:59:54,716 --> 00:59:57,302 but he never made it through the weekend. 1118 01:00:03,808 --> 01:00:05,602 Sam and I had talked earlier in the day, 1119 01:00:05,685 --> 01:00:10,481 and we were gonna meet... for dinner... at Martoni's, 1120 01:00:10,565 --> 01:00:14,152 which was a big music hangout on Cahuenga. 1121 01:00:14,235 --> 01:00:17,822 I had brought my wife at the time, Joan, with me. 1122 01:00:17,905 --> 01:00:21,868 Sam had... a few martinis. 1123 01:00:21,951 --> 01:00:24,454 He liked his martinis, and, uh... 1124 01:00:25,747 --> 01:00:30,793 and we were talking about... we were gonna do a blues album. 1125 01:00:30,877 --> 01:00:33,921 Sam pulled out a big wad of money from his pocket. 1126 01:00:34,005 --> 01:00:36,466 I mean, it was like a fistful of money. 1127 01:00:36,549 --> 01:00:38,217 And he said to Al, he said, 1128 01:00:38,301 --> 01:00:40,470 "I just came in off the road and look what I got," 1129 01:00:40,553 --> 01:00:42,513 or "Look what I earned," or something like that. 1130 01:00:42,597 --> 01:00:46,392 And Al said to him, "Yeah. Sam, don't be flashing that money here. 1131 01:00:46,476 --> 01:00:48,936 Put it back in your pocket. Don't show that around." 1132 01:00:49,020 --> 01:00:52,065 And Sam kind of laughed, you know, because in Sam's mind, 1133 01:00:52,148 --> 01:00:55,985 nobody ever would try to take money from Sam Cooke. 1134 01:00:56,069 --> 01:00:57,320 Are you serious? 1135 01:00:57,403 --> 01:00:59,447 I mean, in his mind, he was invincible. 1136 01:00:59,530 --> 01:01:01,032 When we got up to leave, 1137 01:01:01,115 --> 01:01:05,536 Sam went up to the bar, and this woman was there. 1138 01:01:06,496 --> 01:01:10,083 When we left... as I recall, he was still at the bar, 1139 01:01:10,166 --> 01:01:12,126 you know, talking, laughing, carrying on. 1140 01:01:12,752 --> 01:01:13,753 Now... 1141 01:01:15,338 --> 01:01:20,259 there's all kinds of things that go on with what happened after that. 1142 01:01:21,886 --> 01:01:24,681 [female] The number is PL79984. 1143 01:01:24,764 --> 01:01:28,101 -[male] 79984? -That's a telephone booth I'm at. 1144 01:01:28,184 --> 01:01:30,770 -Uh-huh. What street are you on? -[female sighs] 1145 01:01:30,853 --> 01:01:32,772 -I don't know. -What's your problem there? 1146 01:01:32,855 --> 01:01:35,108 Well, I-I was kidnapped. 1147 01:01:35,191 --> 01:01:36,818 -You were kidnapped? -Right. 1148 01:01:36,901 --> 01:01:39,445 -But you have no idea where you're at? -[female sighs] 1149 01:01:39,529 --> 01:01:40,863 No, it's pretty dark here. 1150 01:01:40,947 --> 01:01:42,699 Can you stay right there in the phone booth? 1151 01:01:42,782 --> 01:01:44,242 -Right. -I'll find out where you are. 1152 01:01:44,325 --> 01:01:45,868 -You stay right where you're at. -I will. 1153 01:01:45,952 --> 01:01:46,911 -Ok. -Bye. 1154 01:01:46,994 --> 01:01:48,538 -What is your name? -[female hangs up] 1155 01:01:49,539 --> 01:01:54,252 Joan and I got home... went to bed. Five o'clock, the phone rang. 1156 01:01:54,335 --> 01:01:56,504 And I heard that Sam Cooke... 1157 01:01:58,131 --> 01:01:59,215 was shot. 1158 01:01:59,298 --> 01:02:00,758 I went to the police station, 1159 01:02:00,842 --> 01:02:04,679 wanting to know more details about what had actually happened. 1160 01:02:05,221 --> 01:02:07,849 The desk sergeant said, "What is going on here? 1161 01:02:07,932 --> 01:02:09,434 We've had calls from everywhere. 1162 01:02:09,517 --> 01:02:13,688 We even had a phone call from London. Who the hell is... Sam Cooke? 1163 01:02:13,771 --> 01:02:17,233 Just another n-word killed in Watts. What is the big deal?" 1164 01:02:18,025 --> 01:02:21,028 So I told him he was a fucking idiot. 1165 01:02:22,488 --> 01:02:27,785 I joined the Los Angeles Police Department in May of 1959. 1166 01:02:27,869 --> 01:02:32,749 The attitude of the police at 77th Street toward the black community 1167 01:02:32,832 --> 01:02:35,334 was just purely suppressive. 1168 01:02:35,418 --> 01:02:38,880 All blacks look alike, and all Asians look alike. Right? 1169 01:02:40,131 --> 01:02:44,594 The official story is that Sam went out the night of December tenth 1170 01:02:44,677 --> 01:02:47,096 and met a woman named Lisa Boyer 1171 01:02:47,180 --> 01:02:49,974 in a restaurant called Martoni's, 1172 01:02:50,057 --> 01:02:54,812 and he left with her and went to the Hacienda Motel. 1173 01:02:59,233 --> 01:03:02,153 And he... dragged me into that room. 1174 01:03:02,236 --> 01:03:06,240 I started talking very loudly, and I told him, "Please take me home." 1175 01:03:06,324 --> 01:03:10,495 He latched the night latch on... and, um... 1176 01:03:14,123 --> 01:03:18,002 he pushed me on the bed, and he says, "Well, we're just gonna talk." 1177 01:03:18,085 --> 01:03:20,630 I knew that he was about to rape me... 1178 01:03:20,713 --> 01:03:23,090 so while he was in the bathroom, 1179 01:03:23,174 --> 01:03:26,302 I picked up my clothes, my shoes, and my handbag. 1180 01:03:26,385 --> 01:03:29,013 I opened the latch, and I ran out. 1181 01:03:29,096 --> 01:03:33,100 She grabs his pants... runs out, 1182 01:03:33,184 --> 01:03:36,896 so he went to the manager's door and started bangin' on the door, 1183 01:03:36,979 --> 01:03:40,483 'cause he thought... the girl was in there. 1184 01:03:40,566 --> 01:03:43,694 Miss Franklin stated that the deceased came to the door... 1185 01:03:46,030 --> 01:03:50,660 and started pounding and shouting and asking if his lady friend was inside. 1186 01:03:50,743 --> 01:03:53,329 And at this time, the deceased... 1187 01:03:55,623 --> 01:03:56,833 broke the door open. 1188 01:03:57,458 --> 01:03:59,502 And he grabbed both of my arms 1189 01:03:59,585 --> 01:04:02,463 and started twistin' 'em and asked me where was the girl. 1190 01:04:02,547 --> 01:04:06,008 I started kickin' ,and I-- he maybe have a bite. I don't know. 1191 01:04:06,092 --> 01:04:08,594 But I tried bite him through that jacket. 1192 01:04:08,678 --> 01:04:10,263 [man] You tried to bite Mr. Cooke? 1193 01:04:10,346 --> 01:04:13,224 Yeah, I was fightin', scratchin', bitin' and everything. 1194 01:04:13,307 --> 01:04:16,561 Finally, I got up and grabbed a pistol. 1195 01:04:16,644 --> 01:04:18,396 I started shootin'. 1196 01:04:19,188 --> 01:04:21,816 [man] And how many times did you fire this pistol? 1197 01:04:21,899 --> 01:04:23,025 Three times. 1198 01:04:24,694 --> 01:04:26,779 Did you know you struck Mr. Cooke? 1199 01:04:27,613 --> 01:04:30,157 Yes, 'cause he said, "Lady, you shot me." 1200 01:04:32,451 --> 01:04:36,747 I didn't believe that Sam was killed the way they say they did. 1201 01:04:36,831 --> 01:04:40,376 I didn't make sense of that, and Papa Cook didn't make sense of that. 1202 01:04:40,459 --> 01:04:43,254 I don't believe it. That's far as I go with that. 1203 01:04:43,337 --> 01:04:46,799 That just didn't sound like him at all, at all. 1204 01:04:46,883 --> 01:04:50,219 I never seen him be aggressively at-at-at a lady. 1205 01:04:50,303 --> 01:04:51,971 Sam wasn't that kind of a guy. 1206 01:04:52,054 --> 01:04:55,474 [stammers] That's totally bullshit. 1207 01:04:55,558 --> 01:04:58,686 He wasn't that kind of a guy that had to be domineering 1208 01:04:58,769 --> 01:05:01,355 or have power over people. 1209 01:05:01,439 --> 01:05:03,482 I never saw that in Sam ever. 1210 01:05:04,942 --> 01:05:08,946 It turns out that she was a hooker, and she was a Hollywood hooker. 1211 01:05:09,030 --> 01:05:11,908 There was the idea that the girl had come to this place before, 1212 01:05:11,991 --> 01:05:15,328 and she threw his pants out the window, which had all his money in the pant-- 1213 01:05:15,411 --> 01:05:17,788 the $5,000 I told you about earlier. 1214 01:05:20,458 --> 01:05:22,877 Somebody was out there, her pimp, 1215 01:05:22,960 --> 01:05:26,505 and grabbed the pants, and then she ran out with that person. 1216 01:05:27,131 --> 01:05:31,302 And rumor had it that Bertha was in with the mob. 1217 01:05:31,385 --> 01:05:34,096 That she was like a pimpess or something. 1218 01:05:34,847 --> 01:05:37,475 It was ruled that Bertha Franklin shooting Sam Cooke 1219 01:05:37,558 --> 01:05:39,477 was a case of justifiable homicide, 1220 01:05:39,560 --> 01:05:40,853 and nobody bought that. 1221 01:05:40,937 --> 01:05:44,815 It just didn't seem like he was the person that got shot down in the way that he did. 1222 01:05:44,899 --> 01:05:46,525 There had to be something more in play, 1223 01:05:46,609 --> 01:05:49,487 and that's what fueled the idea of this being some sort of conspiracy. 1224 01:05:51,364 --> 01:05:55,034 Elvis believed that there was a sense in the music industry 1225 01:05:55,117 --> 01:05:58,371 that Sam was getting too powerful and had to be stopped, 1226 01:05:58,454 --> 01:06:02,124 which echoed what a lot of people in the black community thought. 1227 01:06:02,208 --> 01:06:05,836 You know, that this was about a black man who didn't know his place, 1228 01:06:05,920 --> 01:06:08,130 and to stop him, he had to be murdered. 1229 01:06:08,214 --> 01:06:11,384 They didn't mind Sam seepin' through the cracks 1230 01:06:11,509 --> 01:06:13,135 and being successful on his own. 1231 01:06:13,219 --> 01:06:16,097 But the problem was that too many other entertainers 1232 01:06:16,180 --> 01:06:18,724 were watching Sam and listening to Sam. 1233 01:06:18,808 --> 01:06:19,892 That was the problem. 1234 01:06:22,311 --> 01:06:26,107 There's another wild theory that Allen Klein killed Sam Cooke. 1235 01:06:26,190 --> 01:06:27,942 Well, from what I hear... 1236 01:06:29,318 --> 01:06:32,613 he had the argument with Allen, 1237 01:06:32,697 --> 01:06:34,865 maybe two, three days before. 1238 01:06:34,949 --> 01:06:39,662 Allen Klein loved Sam Cooke, but he also was a thief. 1239 01:06:39,745 --> 01:06:42,790 He used his love to steal his songs. 1240 01:06:43,457 --> 01:06:47,294 Klein was ready to take everything. 1241 01:06:47,378 --> 01:06:50,589 He did a similar thing to the Rolling Stones, 1242 01:06:50,673 --> 01:06:54,176 and he was one of the forces that broke up The Beatles. 1243 01:06:55,052 --> 01:06:57,722 Well, the problem with that is that in 1964, 1244 01:06:57,805 --> 01:07:02,018 Allen Klein didn't have the kind of power to set up this big, elaborate murder 1245 01:07:02,101 --> 01:07:04,645 where the police is gonna be a part of it, too? 1246 01:07:04,729 --> 01:07:08,357 And the district attorney? Allen Klein--he wasn't that powerful yet. 1247 01:07:08,441 --> 01:07:11,277 I was on a plane coming back from New York, 1248 01:07:11,360 --> 01:07:14,447 and I hadn't seen Barbara in quite some time, 1249 01:07:14,530 --> 01:07:20,369 and as I recall, she said, "I sold Sam's work, and I got $50,000." 1250 01:07:20,453 --> 01:07:22,830 Or something. Some ridiculous amount of money. 1251 01:07:22,913 --> 01:07:27,501 I mean, obviously it's worth millions and millions and millions of dollars. 1252 01:07:27,585 --> 01:07:31,464 KAGS, which was the publishing company, and SAR Records... 1253 01:07:32,506 --> 01:07:34,258 all went to Allen Klein. 1254 01:07:34,341 --> 01:07:37,470 J.W. Alexander died broke. 1255 01:07:38,721 --> 01:07:40,056 What it is is inequality. 1256 01:07:40,139 --> 01:07:45,519 What it is is someone was in a position to take advantage and they did. 1257 01:07:45,603 --> 01:07:51,150 It's a double pain. The pain of losing Sam and the pain of, uh... 1258 01:07:51,233 --> 01:07:53,319 losing what he worked for, 1259 01:07:53,402 --> 01:07:55,988 what he was all about, what he fought to establish. 1260 01:08:00,034 --> 01:08:03,412 Whether or not there was any real conspiracy that went down, 1261 01:08:03,496 --> 01:08:08,417 we won't know because there wasn't a thorough investigation done to find out 1262 01:08:08,501 --> 01:08:13,255 because to many people in the LAPD who were investigating this case, 1263 01:08:13,339 --> 01:08:17,259 and just to be quite frank, Sam Cooke was another nigger... 1264 01:08:17,343 --> 01:08:19,762 and this was just more nigger shit. 1265 01:08:19,845 --> 01:08:24,350 And it didn't deserve any more attention than what it got. 1266 01:08:24,433 --> 01:08:28,521 When you see someone as prominent as Sam Cooke... 1267 01:08:28,604 --> 01:08:31,565 get killed like that under very mysterious circumstances, 1268 01:08:31,649 --> 01:08:37,029 and even his life is not valuable enough to have a real investigation 1269 01:08:37,113 --> 01:08:39,740 by local law enforcement there in Los Angeles... 1270 01:08:40,616 --> 01:08:42,660 it's not a surprise that to this day, 1271 01:08:42,743 --> 01:08:44,578 there are a lot of people who still believe 1272 01:08:44,662 --> 01:08:46,455 that there was some sort of cover-up, 1273 01:08:46,539 --> 01:08:49,583 some sort of conspiracy around the death of Sam Cooke. 1274 01:08:49,667 --> 01:08:53,546 I mean, what else are we gonna think, particularly given our history in America, 1275 01:08:53,629 --> 01:08:57,258 our relationships with law enforcement all over the country, 1276 01:08:57,341 --> 01:09:00,261 and the fact that if you happen to be a black person 1277 01:09:00,344 --> 01:09:03,180 who speaks out in any kind of way, 1278 01:09:03,264 --> 01:09:06,642 who does anything  that seems to be empowering for the black community, 1279 01:09:06,725 --> 01:09:08,602 you are automatically a target. 1280 01:09:08,686 --> 01:09:13,065 If we were to transpose today back to then, 1281 01:09:13,149 --> 01:09:16,902 we would say black lives matter. Right? 1282 01:09:16,986 --> 01:09:18,654 And in 1964, 1283 01:09:18,737 --> 01:09:23,492 even Sam Cooke's black life didn't matter. Right? 1284 01:09:23,576 --> 01:09:27,371 So... it's-it's-it's just hard to overcome that. 1285 01:09:28,122 --> 01:09:31,959 Do I think that the events of Sam Cooke 1286 01:09:32,042 --> 01:09:34,420 and the institutional attitude 1287 01:09:34,503 --> 01:09:37,715 contribute to the upcoming riots here? 1288 01:09:37,798 --> 01:09:40,718 Well, absolutely. Absolutely. 1289 01:09:40,801 --> 01:09:45,347 I don't wanna say Sam Cooke's death caused the Watts riots. 1290 01:09:45,431 --> 01:09:46,599 I don't wanna say that. 1291 01:09:46,682 --> 01:09:48,184 But Sam Cooke's death 1292 01:09:48,267 --> 01:09:51,645 is a really big example of a million things 1293 01:09:51,729 --> 01:09:55,441 that caused dissatisfaction among black people in America. 1294 01:09:55,524 --> 01:10:00,404 Those people being, you know, murdered, being enslaved, being imprisoned. 1295 01:10:00,487 --> 01:10:02,907 Like, all of that, is why. 1296 01:10:02,990 --> 01:10:06,493 And Sam Cooke is yet another example of that. 1297 01:10:08,245 --> 01:10:12,124 Black people don't trust law enforcement for good reason. 1298 01:10:12,208 --> 01:10:15,753 It is not beyond the realm of possibility to a lot of people 1299 01:10:15,836 --> 01:10:19,798 that the FBI was somehow involved in Sam Cooke's death. 1300 01:10:19,882 --> 01:10:21,967 That he was set up in some way, 1301 01:10:22,051 --> 01:10:26,138 that he was murdered because he was just becoming too threatening, 1302 01:10:26,222 --> 01:10:29,767 you know, through the work he was doing, the people he was associating with, 1303 01:10:29,850 --> 01:10:31,560 and the music he was now gonna start making. 1304 01:10:31,644 --> 01:10:33,562 See, it's one thing to have a little meeting. 1305 01:10:33,646 --> 01:10:36,523 It's another thing to put out a song that could sell a million copies 1306 01:10:36,607 --> 01:10:39,693 and is on the radio, and everyone's gonna start to hear and absorb. 1307 01:10:39,777 --> 01:10:43,447 So, you know, people, whether it was true or not... 1308 01:10:43,530 --> 01:10:46,033 deeply felt that, you know, the government was involved in this. 1309 01:10:46,951 --> 01:10:48,702 In a very short period of time... 1310 01:10:49,578 --> 01:10:52,539 Medgar Evers, Sam Cooke, 1311 01:10:52,623 --> 01:10:54,041 Malcolm X, 1312 01:10:54,124 --> 01:10:55,626 King a little later. 1313 01:10:55,709 --> 01:11:01,257 Langston Hughes isn't killed by the state, but, you know, there are very real losses. 1314 01:11:01,340 --> 01:11:03,133 Something really... 1315 01:11:04,593 --> 01:11:08,430 powerful and important and intimate to blackness, 1316 01:11:08,514 --> 01:11:11,058 it gets lost with those deaths. 1317 01:11:11,141 --> 01:11:14,770 That's a part that white America will never fundamentally understand. 1318 01:11:18,816 --> 01:11:22,736 What we know is that we never got to see him as a fully mature artist 1319 01:11:22,820 --> 01:11:25,489 and thinker and activist 1320 01:11:25,572 --> 01:11:29,743 who, had he lived, would've had a dramatic impact on the next generation 1321 01:11:29,827 --> 01:11:31,829 of artists, thinkers, and activists. 1322 01:11:31,912 --> 01:11:34,999 We could've had this monument to what was to come. 1323 01:11:35,958 --> 01:11:39,086 "A Change is Gonna Come," there it is. But that's all we have. 1324 01:11:39,169 --> 01:11:41,338 The song isn't released until after he dies. 1325 01:11:42,339 --> 01:11:45,175 "Change is Gonna Come" is the perfect ending 1326 01:11:45,259 --> 01:11:50,848 for a career that was way too short... for a life that was way too truncated. 1327 01:11:51,974 --> 01:11:55,519 It was a long time coming in 1964, 1328 01:11:55,602 --> 01:11:59,398 and it is the shame of this nation... 1329 01:11:59,481 --> 01:12:02,568 that that song should still be so relevant. 1330 01:12:04,528 --> 01:12:08,824 The activism is one thing, but the music is powerful. 1331 01:12:08,907 --> 01:12:09,825 "Change is Gonna Come" 1332 01:12:09,908 --> 01:12:13,579 communicates the rent of black life in America, 1333 01:12:13,662 --> 01:12:16,832 and Sam Cooke taps into that with such poetry. 1334 01:12:16,999 --> 01:12:19,793 ♪ Oh ♪ 1335 01:12:19,877 --> 01:12:23,505 ♪ There've been times that I thought ♪ 1336 01:12:23,589 --> 01:12:26,091 ♪ I couldn't last-- ♪ 1337 01:12:26,175 --> 01:12:30,304 It's meant to touch the soul, you see. That's what this song is about. 1338 01:12:30,387 --> 01:12:32,765 ♪ Now I think I'm able ♪ 1339 01:12:32,848 --> 01:12:36,185 ♪ To carry on ♪ 1340 01:12:36,268 --> 01:12:37,144 ♪ It's been a... .♪ 1341 01:12:37,227 --> 01:12:40,147 It's his eulogy, the greatest gift he could've given us. 1342 01:12:40,230 --> 01:12:42,566 ♪ A long time comin' ♪ 1343 01:12:42,649 --> 01:12:45,361 ♪ But I know ♪ 1344 01:12:45,444 --> 01:12:48,530 -♪ A change gonna come ♪ -♪Change gonna come ♪ 1345 01:12:48,614 --> 01:12:51,283 [both] ♪ Oh, yes, it will ♪ 1346 01:12:53,243 --> 01:12:54,119 Yes, it will. 1347 01:12:57,831 --> 01:13:01,960 [man] All I can say to you, darling, is Sam Cooke's yours. 1348 01:13:02,044 --> 01:13:04,296 He'll never grow old. Sam, it's been nice. 1349 01:13:04,380 --> 01:13:05,756 -It's been wonderful. -Thank you. 1350 01:13:05,839 --> 01:13:06,840 You're welcome. 1351 01:13:10,511 --> 01:13:12,471 [man humming] 1352 01:13:21,188 --> 01:13:23,190 [man scatting behind humming] 1353 01:13:55,139 --> 01:13:57,391 [song ends]